Abstract
The increasing threat of explosives is a serious issue affecting socio-economy of many countries at multiple levels, such as public security, unused arable land, closing of trade routes, isolation of villages, and these act as a hindrance in the development of the country. Activities using explosives have increased in the last two decades making it a global threat that is challenging humanity. In this study, different chemicals such as Ammonium Nitrate (AN), Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and C4 along with soil as the background material were used for trace detection. The aim of this study was to determine an altitude for the sensor and to identify the minimum mapping size of the chemical at which the model can achieve 70% accuracy. To determine the altitude and minimum size of the chemical that can be detected in the acceptable range of accuracy, several experiments were performed in real ground conditions. This study focuses on the applicability of the proposed method in the real world. In the first set of experiments, the altitude of the sensor was varied from 40 cm to 150 cm and the accuracy of the model was determined. From the analysis, it was found that the model achieved more than 75% accuracy at an altitude of 90 cm with an image overlap of 70%. In the second set of experiments, the minimum size of chemical sample was varied from 0.25 cm to 1 cm. The accuracy of the model was more than 70% when the minimum sample size was 0.5 cm or greater. For various altitude determined, the speed of the vehicle was calculated. Therefore, to implement hyperspectral imaging system on the unarmed vehicle for real application, the suggested altitude and speed of the sensor should be around 90 cm and 10.5 cm/s at which detection limit would be equal or more than 0.5 cm with accuracy greater than 70%.
Highlights
Activities involving explosives have increased in the last two decades and leading to a global threat which is challenging the humanity
The SVM model determines the traces of the chemical samples present and accuracy assessment is done for all the hyperspectral cube, the image is converted into tiff format which goes as an input to the hyperspectral cube, themodel imagedetermines is converted into tiff format which goes as an present input toand the the traces of the chemical samples modelfor determines the traces of the chemicalaltitude samplesofpresent and accuracy assessment is done all the images acquired at different the sensor
To determine the suggested altitude and minimum size of the chemical that can be detected in the acceptable range of accuracy, several experiments were performed in real ground conditions
Summary
Activities involving explosives have increased in the last two decades and leading to a global threat which is challenging the humanity. Many terrorist attacks use a special type of bomb known as Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) in which the explosives are stored inside metal containers. The explosives are made up of chemical compounds which can create high impact even if used in less quantities. IEDs can be grouped as military, commercial and homemade on the basis of materials used for manufacturing them. Homemade explosive mixtures can be prepared by mixing inorganic energetic oxidant salts (Ammonium nitrate, Potassium nitrate, Potassium chlorate) with fuel like petrol, diesel, charcoal etc. The oxidant salts mentioned above are available in market in the form of fertilizers. Ammonium nitrate (AN) is one of the most commonly used fertilizers for agricultural purpose and combination of this with fuel can result in Ammonium Nitrate
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