Inflammation and vascular remodeling.

Abstract

Cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases are the major causes of death worldwide. Accumulating evidence has revealed that inflammation plays a pivotal role in the progression of vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis leading to cardiovascular events. In fact, several inflammatory markers such as a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein have been shown to predict cardiovascular events. In addition, metabolic disorders, including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia, injure the vascular wall and contribute to the development of vascular remodeling. Most of these metabolic stimuli initially impair homeostasis of the cardiovascular system through inflammation with recruitment of leukocytes and increased secretion of adhesion molecules, chemoattractant cytokines, and proinflammatory cytokines from endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages. In this special issue, we invited front-line researchers and authors to submit original research and review articles that explore the interactions between inflammation and vascular remodeling. Finally, we were able to publish 6 review articles and 6 original research articles that provide pivotal evidence for understanding the pathophysiological roles of inflammation in vascular remodeling on a clinical basis and a molecular basis. The following papers will be useful for establishing treatment strategies to promote worldwide public health.