Abstract
BackgroundEnterocytozoon bieneusi has been increasingly reported to infect humans and various mammals. Microsporidia cause diarrhea in HIV-infected patients worldwide. PCR amplification and sequencing based on the internal transcribed spacer region have been used to describe the genotypes of E. bieneusi and transmission of microsporidiosis.MethodsIn this study, we examined E. bieneusi infection and genotypes in HIV-positive patients in Guangxi, China. Stool specimens were collected from 285 HIV-positive patients and 303 HIV-negative individuals. E. bieneusi genotypes were characterized using nested PCR and sequencing.ResultsThirty-three (11.58%) HIV-positive patients were infected with microsporidia, and no infection was found in the 303 healthy controls. Three new genotypes were identified and named as GX25, GX456, and GX458; four known genotypes, PigEBITS7, Type IV/K, D, and Ebpc, were also identified. Our data showed that the positive rate for microsporidia was significantly higher in the rural patients than in the other occupation groups. In addition, the positive rate for microsporidia was significantly higher in the patients who drink unboiled water than in those with other drinking water sources.ConclusionsOur results will provide baseline data for preventing and controlling E. bieneusi infection in HIV/AIDS patients. Further studies are required to clarify the epidemiology and potential sources of microsporidia. Our study showed that microsporidium infection occurs in the HIV/AIDS patients in Guangxi, China.
Highlights
Enterocytozoon bieneusi has been increasingly reported to infect humans and various mammals
Considerable genetic variation and genotypes exist within E. bieneusi isolates of human and animal origin, and different pathogenic characteristics and host specificity have been found for E. bieneusi [3]
Demographic data, education level, presence of diarrhea, infective routes, recent CD4+ cell counts, and potential risk factors related to waterborne and person-to-person routes and marital status were collected from the participants by attending physicians by using a structured questionnaire at the time of enrollment
Summary
Enterocytozoon bieneusi has been increasingly reported to infect humans and various mammals. Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that infect a broad range of vertebrates and invertebrates [1,2,3]. They have been increasingly recognized as human pathogens in AIDS patients, and they are mainly. Especially methods that genotype and subtype pathogens, have been used to characterize the transmission of E. bieneusi in HIV patients [17,18,19]. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene has been extensively used to identify and describe the genotype characteristics and transmission routes of E. bieneusi in humans and animals [20, 21]. The molecular epidemiologic characterization of E. bieneusi has become essential, to predict possible sources of transmission and control the transmission routes
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