Abstract
High penetration of wind power plants may have an adverse impact on power systems’ stability by reducing the inertia, and problems like frequency stability could appear due to total inertia in the system being reduced, making the power system more vulnerable to disturbances. However, most recent grid codes include an emulation inertia requirement for wind power plants, because modern wind turbines are capable of providing virtual inertia through power electronic converter controls to improve frequency stability issues. Because of this, it is necessary that the inertia estimation analyze and quantify the impact of the inertia reduction in power systems. In this paper, an implementation of a methodology for the inertia estimation of wind power plants is presented. It is evaluated through synchrophasor measurements obtained from a Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) implementation, using industrial Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). This methodology is based on the swing equation. Furthermore, a comparison of the results obtained between two professional tools RSCAD and DIgSILENT PowerFactory is performed, in order to evaluate the accuracy and the robustness of the methodology. This methodology is applied for the inertia estimation of an equivalent of the southeast zone of the Mexican power system, where there is a large-scale penetration of wind power plants. The results demonstrate that this methodology can be applied in real power systems using PMUs.
Highlights
The amount of wind power generation has grown in recent years, providing 3% of global power, for example, China is leading with 164 GW, the United States with 6 GW, Germany with 6 GW, India with 4 GW, and the U.K. with 4 GW [1]
The rest of the paper is organized as follows: in Section 2 is presented the literature review referent to the inertia estimation in power systems; in Section 3, the methodology to estimate the inertia constant of the generation units is presented; Section 4 shows the inertia estimation of the experimental validation; Section 5 presents the behavior of the inertia estimation when the generated active power is varied; Section 6 presents the results obtained with the application of the methodology in the southeast zone of the Mexican electric system; Section 7 draws the main conclusions of this paper
This paper describes the experimental validation and implementation of a methodology for inertia estimation of wind power plants
Summary
The amount of wind power generation has grown in recent years, providing 3% of global power, for example, China is leading with 164 GW, the United States with 6 GW, Germany with 6 GW, India with 4 GW, and the U.K. with 4 GW [1]. Wind turbine generators are decoupled from the grid by power electronic converters; they do not directly contribute to system inertia [10], and large-scale penetration of non-inertial wind generators in the power system will result in reduced system inertia [11,12,13]. This reduction has a substantial impact on frequency regulation [14]. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: in Section 2 is presented the literature review referent to the inertia estimation in power systems; in Section 3, the methodology to estimate the inertia constant of the generation units is presented; Section 4 shows the inertia estimation of the experimental validation; Section 5 presents the behavior of the inertia estimation when the generated active power is varied; Section 6 presents the results obtained with the application of the methodology in the southeast zone of the Mexican electric system; Section 7 draws the main conclusions of this paper
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