Abstract
Abstract The basic concepts of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are reviewed, with emphasis on instrumentation appropriate for spectroscopic applications. Applications of scanning tunneling spectroscopy to semiconductor and metal surfaces are discussed. Focus is then placed on the spectroscopy of single molecules adsorbed on surfaces. Examples of molecular images with sub‐molecular resolution are provided. Both inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) and orbital mediated tunneling spectroscopy (OMTS) are discussed. Molecular electronic spectra (OMTS) are displayed and contrasted with results from techniques requiring large (>10 9 ) numbers of molecules. Correlation between the nanoscale method of OMTS, and the microscale methods of ultraviolet photoelectron spectra (UPS) and electrochemical oxidation and reduction potentials will be made. Mapping of electron transport paths through a molecule and mapping of chemical components on a surface are both addressed.
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