Abstract
Plant viruses are a major threat to food crop security worldwide and cost the global economy several billion dollars annually. Currently, no antiviral measures or compounds are available. Chemicals and beneficial microorganisms can be used to induce resistance against various pathogens such as viruses and offer promising solutions for managing crop diseases. Beneficial microbes have attracted considerable attention because of their high potential for controlling viral plant diseases. This study examined the effectiveness of the exogenous application of natural and chemical compounds in enhancing tomato plant resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl and cucumber mosaic viruses. Ascophyllum nodosum extract, Piriformospora indica fungus, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and skimmed milk were used to treat tomato plants, either separately or in combination. The results indicated that all treatments effectively controlled the accumulation of both viruses. The plant growth parameters also increased concurrently with this decrease. A 25.58-fold reduction in CMV levels was achieved by skimmed milk treatment, whereas jasmonic acid treatment reduced TYLCV levels by 19.13-fold.
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