Indoor ozone and particulate matter modify the association between airborne endotoxin and schoolchildren's lung function

Abstract

BackgroundTo date, the effect of household airborne pollutants on the association between airborne endotoxin and lung function of schoolchildren is unknown. ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to evaluate whether indoor air pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 and 2.5 μm (PM10, PM2.5) can modify the association between airborne endotoxin and school children's lung function in a heavy industrial city in Taiwan. MethodsWe recruited 120 elementary school-age children in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Aerosol samples were collected on a filter membrane for 24 h period and then analyzed for endotoxin. Air pollutants were measured for 24 h in living rooms while school children's lung function was measured. The modification of air pollutants on the relationship between airborne endotoxin and children's lung function was estimated after adjusting the gender, age, height, weight, and case-control status. ResultsWe found that both O3 and PM10 concentrations significantly modified the relationships between airborne endotoxin and school children's lung function. Among children living in homes with O3 ≥ 0.01 ppm or PM10 ≥ 62 μg/m3, airborne endotoxin was negatively associated with lung functions, whereas among those living in homes with O3 < 0.01 ppm or PM10 < 62 μg/m3, airborne endotoxin was positively associated with lung functions. ConclusionsThe indoor air pollutant concentration of O3 and PM10 modifies the association between airborne endotoxin and school children's lung function.