Abstract
Ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR) is a useful tool to simulate advanced SAR systems with its flexibility on RF system and SAR configuration. This paper reports an indoor experiment of bistatic/multistatic GB-SAR operated in Ku-band with two antennae: one antenna was stationary on the ground and the other was moving along a linear rail. Multiple bistatic GB-SAR images were taken with various stationary antenna positions, and then averaged to simulate a multistatic GB-SAR configuration composed of a moving Tx antenna along a rail and multiple stationary Rx antennae with various viewing angles. This configuration simulates the use of a spaceborne/airborne SAR system as a transmitting antenna and multiple ground-based stationary antennae as receiving antennae to obtain omni-directional scattering images. This SAR geometry with one-stationary and one-moving antennae configuration was analyzed and a time-domain SAR focusing algorithm was adjusted to this geometry. Being stationary for one antenna, the Doppler rate was analyzed to be half of the monostatic case, and the azimuth resolution was doubled. Image quality was enhanced by identifying and reducing azimuth ambiguity. By averaging multiple bistatic images from various stationary antenna positions, a multistatic GB-SAR image was achieved to have better image swath and reduced speckle noise.
Highlights
Conceptualization of generation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) often includes the use of multiple satellites for transmitting and/or receiving antennas to increase the system performance in resolution, image swath, signal-to-noise ratio, and repeated coverage [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
Note that the viewing direction of the moving antenna is fixed to the forward direction, which makes a right angle with the rail
The overlapping area becomes wider when the stationary antenna is located near the center of the rail, such as the scenes from #−2 to #2
Summary
Conceptualization of generation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) often includes the use of multiple satellites for transmitting and/or receiving antennas to increase the system performance in resolution, image swath, signal-to-noise ratio, and repeated coverage [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. One can use a satellite/airborne SAR system as a transmitter and set up multiple stationary receivers on the ground to image the surface with limited swath. Broadcasting geo-stationary satellites or GPS satellites can be used as a microwave source to image the ground nearby the stationary antenna continuously [8]. Ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR) systems have been widely used to simulate various satellite/airborne SAR configurations for the generation as well as its own use for ground imaging and surface change detection. Krysik et al [17]
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