Abstract
Introduction: Relatively few studies have quantified secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure in outdoor areas. We evaluated air pollution exposures related to SHS exposure in indoor and outdoor areas of bars/nightclubs in 12 cities in Turkey. Methods: We visited 79 bars/nightclubs between December 2012 and July 2013. They were the closest venues located near 5/10 randomly selected sampling points in each city. In 73 venues, we clandestinely measured air concentrations of particulate matter
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