Indonesian

Abstract

Maftu'ah E, Nursyamsi D. 2015. Potency of various organic materials from swampland as a source of biochar. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 776-781. The utilization of swampland have several problems, among others, are the very low soil fertility and the environmental problems, especially the greenhouse gas emissions. Biochar is a charcoal that able to improve the properties of the chemical, physical and biological of the soil and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. The organic materials of swampland are very diverse qualities and potential as a source of biochar. The purpose of this study was to obtain the information about the potential of various organic materials from swamplands as a source of biochar. The research was carried out by looking for some kinds of organic material from swampland in South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan areas, in January-April 2014. The organic material of exploration results was analyzed for the cellulose, lignin, organic C and total N. After the initial analysis, biochar was made by means of pyrolysis at temperatures of 600o C and analyzed for the content of C, total N, SiO2 and water content. The results showed that there were 13 types of the abundant organic material in swamplands and potentially used as the biochar materials, included: husk of rice (Oryza sativa), corn straw (Zea mays), rice straw (Oryza sativa), kalakai (Stenochlaena palustris), karamunting (Melastomataceae), galam (Melaleuca leucandra), bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris), oil cake (Elaeis sp.), palm leaves, palm fronds, bunches of palm, coconut shell (Cocos nucifera) and water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis). The organic materials had different qualities. Biochar which had the highest C/N ratio was a biochar from galam, the lowest from maize and rice straw; the highest SiO2 content was found in biochar from rice husk and the lowest in biochar from galam. All biochar had a water content less than 10%. The C/N ratio depend on the type of biochar and positively associated with C/N of material. The water content of biochar was more associated with the cellulose contents than the lignin content of material. The ash content was positively associated with lignin and cellulose materials, while SiO2 content was positively associated with the lignin material.