Abstract
<h3>Study Objective</h3> Developments in 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology has increased production of high quality, affordable 3D printed models, and the investigation of 3D printing in the medical literature. The objective of this study was to outline the clinical applications of individualized 3D printing in gynecology through a scoping review. <h3>Design</h3> Four medical databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus) and grey literature were searched for publications meeting eligibility criteria up to May 2021. Publications were included if they were published in English, had a gynecologic context, and involved production of patient specific 3D printed product(s). Studies were manually screened and assessed for eligibility by two independent reviewers (CC,TF) and data was extracted using pre-established criteria. <h3>Setting</h3> NA. <h3>Patients or Participants</h3> NA. <h3>Interventions</h3> NA. <h3>Measurements and Main Results</h3> Overall, 32 studies (15 abstracts,17 full text articles) were included in the scoping review. Most studies were either case reports (12/32,38%) or case series (15/32,47%). Gynecologic sub-specialties in which the 3D printed models were intended for use included: gynecologic oncology (21/32,66%), benign gynecology (6/32,19%), pediatrics (2/32,6%), urogynecology (2/32,6%) and reproductive endocrinology and infertility (1/32,3%). Twenty studies (63%) printed 5 or less models, 6/32 (19%) printed greater than 5 (up to 50 models), the remainder did not specify. Types of 3D models printed included: anatomical models (11/32,34%), medical devices, (2/32,6%) and template/guide/cylindrical applicators for brachytherapy (19/32,59%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our scoping review has outlined novel clinical applications for individualized 3D printed models in gynecology. To date, they have mainly been used for production of patient specific 3D printed brachytherapy guides/applicators in patients with gynecologic cancer. However, individualized 3D printing shows great promise for utility in surgical planning, surgical education, and production of patient specific devices, across gynecologic subspecialties. Data on the topic of individualized 3D printing in gynecology is limited by low quality study design, small sample size and non-standardized reporting, which should be the focus of future studies.
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