Abstract
Individual differences in children's reactions to frustrative nonreward were investigated in a series of three exploratory studies. Most children between the ages of 5 and 13 years tended to show increments in motivation and increased avoidance tendencies after nonreward. Children differed in the latency of these reactions: some Ss demonstrated immediate or short-latency reactions, while in others reaction was delayed or of long latency. The immediate reaction was relatively more common in younger children and in those with low expectancy of success, while older children and those with high expectancy of success tended more frequently to demonstrate the delayed reaction to nonreward.
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