Individual and simultaneous electroanalytical sensing of epinephrine and lidocaine using an anodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode by square-wave voltammetry

Abstract

In this study, the individual and simultaneous determination of lidocaine (LID) and epinephrine (EP) were examined using an anodically pretreated boron-doped diamond (APT-BDD) electrode. The results of cyclic voltammograms of the binary mixtures of EP and LID were manifested by two irreversible and diffusion-controlled peaks at about +0.91 V (for EP) and +1.67 V (for LID) in Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 2.0. The dependence of oxidation peak potential and current on experimental and instrumental parameters was also investigated at the surface of the APT-BDD electrode. Under the optimal conditions, employing square-wave voltammetric mode, the APT-BDD electrode was used for determination of LID and EP simultaneously in the ranges of 0.1–20.0 μmol L−1 and 1.0–100.0 μmol L−1, with detection limits of 0.03 μmol L−1 and 0.27 μmol L−1, respectively. The proposed approach could be used for their determination individually and selectively (in the case of EP) in pharmaceutical dosage forms with acceptable recoveries.