Individual and additive effects of high protein and resistant starch

Abstract

Multiple mechanisms of food intake control are impacted by diet content and quality. Hormones released by endocrine cells of the GI tract are involved in local and systematic regulation of metabolism (energy regulation, satiety) or disease (predisposition, prevention, treatment). Dietary resistant starch affects satiety and reduces body fat through multiple gut peptide signals. High protein diets also affect satiety and reduce body fat. In this study, we show that adding resistant starch to a high protein diet can enhance this effect. Rats were assigned to 1 of 4 diet groups matched for energy (3.4 kcal/g): LP (15% protein), LPR (15% protein, 20% resistant starch), HP (40% protein), and HPR (40% protein, 20% resistant starch). Data comparisons were significant at p < 0.05. There was lower food intake (LPR, HPR< LP, HP), body fat (HP, LPR, HPR< LP), pH (LPR, HPR< LP, HP), triglycerides (HP, LPR, HPR< LP), and higher GLP‐1 (LPR, HPR> LP,HP). These data support an additive effect for resistant starch and high protein as the levels were significantly lowest in HPR for perirenal fat (p<0.04) and triglycerides (p<0.03). It is proposed that the additive effects of these two dietary components are caused by different mechanisms. High protein diets act to lower body fat through suppression of food intake whereas resistant starch acts to reduce body fat by increasing energy expenditure. Supported by the LSU AgCenter.