Abstract
BackgroundChemerin is an adipokine which plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis. Here, we examined whether circulating chemerin is enhanced in patients with advanced carotid stenosis.MethodsChemerin was quantified in 178 patients prior to carotid end arterectomy (CEA) and in age- and gender-matched controls (n = 163). Chemerin levels were related to anthropometric, clinical and metabolic characteristics of the patients.ResultsChemerin levels were higher in patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). Chemerin correlated to parameters associated with inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP, p < 0.001), leukocyte blood count (p < 0.001) and circulating TNF-α (p = 0.004) in the patients. Chemerin levels did not differ between asymptomatic (n = 93) and symptomatic patients who experienced an ischemic event within 6 months prior to CEA (n = 85). However, in the case of high-grade carotid stenosis (≥ 90%), chemerin levels were higher in symptomatic (n = 44) compared to asymptomatic patients (n = 41, p = 0.014). Chemerin was increased in patients with (n = 50) compared to patients without (n = 128) coronary artery disease (CAD, p = 0.002). A high level of chemerin increases the risk for CAD in patients (p = 0.0013).ConclusionsCirculating chemerin is increased and correlates to inflammatory parameters in patients with advanced carotid stenosis.
Highlights
IntroductionWe examined whether circulating chemerin is enhanced in patients with advanced carotid stenosis
Chemerin is an adipokine which plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis
The body mass index (BMI; p = 0.001), total cholesterol (p = 0.009), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p = 0.001), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p = 0.005) were lower, and the leukocyte blood count (p = 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.010) and triglycerides (p = 0.042) were higher in patients compared to controls. 63.5% of the patients received statins, HMG-CoA reductase controls patients patients patients p-value asymptomatic symptomatic p-value no coronary artery disease (CAD)
Summary
We examined whether circulating chemerin is enhanced in patients with advanced carotid stenosis. Cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases are the primary cause for mortality worldwide with 17.3 million deaths per year [1]. The underlying cause of cardio- and cerebrovascular events is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease leading to arterial luminal narrowing. Chemerin is an adipokine first described to be located in inflammatory cells [6] and to chemoattract antigen-presenting cells as dendritic cells and macrophages [6]. The majority of biological functions for chemerin have been attributed to activation of CMKLR1 [7]. Chemerin and CMKLR1 are present at high levels in adipose tissue regulating adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism [8].
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