Abstract
Phytochemicals from Lippia citriodora leaves were extracted by applying an innovative technology based on the use of microwaves, which represents an alternative method to extract bioactive substances. The obtained extract was incorporated into phospholipid vesicles in order to promote the antioxidant effect of the bioactive molecules present in L. citriodora extract. The extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Time-Of-Flight mass spectrometer by electrospray (HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS) and different phytochemicals were detected and quantified. The whole extract was incorporated in liposomes, glycerosomes (liposomes modified with glycerol) and propylene glycol-containing vesicles (PG-PEVs). Moreover, a biopolymer obtained from fish by-product, that is Thunnus albacares skin, was added to improve the bioactivity of the formulations. The in vitro biocompatibility and the antioxidant efficacy of the extract in solution or loaded in the vesicles were tested in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (3T3). The results showed the superior bioactivity of the vesicle formulations over the aqueous solution of the extract, which points to an interesting strategy for the treatment of skin disorders.
Highlights
In recent decades, the role of inflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of age-related diseases and in the development of chronic degenerative diseases has gained interest in the scientific community
The extract from L. citriodora leaves was obtained by environmentally friendly microwave-assisted extraction, tuning the operating conditions to achieve the maximum concentration of polar compounds
CoTnhcelupseirofonrsmed environmentally friendly microwave-assisted extraction allowed the production of an extract from L. citriodora rich in polyphenolic compounds
Summary
The role of inflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of age-related diseases and in the development of chronic degenerative diseases has gained interest in the scientific community. Inflammation is a complex biological response that starts in response to internal or external stimuli (e.g., metabolic dysfunctions or pathogens) and involves the upregulation of several enzymes and markers in damaged cells, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) Their accumulation in damaged cells and tissues, if extreme or prolonged, can lead to the development of several types of chronic diseases [1,2]. Even in the developed countries, the daily life modification has been associated with increased poor nutrition, consumption of poor-quality foods (in essential nutrients), insufficient physical activity and consumption of tobacco and alcohol This dangerous lifestyle causes an overproduction of oxidants, an imbalance of oxidant and antioxidant levels in human tissues and an excessive accumulation of ROS. It is involved in several age-related chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular, chronic obstructive pulmonary, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, significantly affecting life expectancy [3]
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