Incorporation of dimethyl sulfoxide to model adhesive resins with different hydrophilicities: Physico/mechanical properties

Abstract

ObjectiveTo understand dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) interaction with distinct methacrylate monomer blends and the impact on polymer formation by investigating the combined relationship among degree of resin hydrophilicity, presence of DMSO and specific physico/mechanical properties. MethodsOne hydrophobic (R2) and one hydrophilic (R5) methacrylate-based resins with different monomer compositions were solvated in ascending DMSO concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 w/w %). Neat resins (0 w/w % DMSO) were used as controls. The degree of conversion was determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Polymer crosslinking density was indirectly measured by a modified ethanol-water two-stage solvation technique and the biaxial flexural strength was measured after 24 h and 30 days of water storage at 37 ̊C. Water sorption and solubility were gravimetrically assisted during 28 days of water storage to determine the kinetics of water-polymer interactions. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05). ResultsIncorporation of high DMSO-concentrations significantly increased the degree of conversion of all tested formulations, specifically for the hydrophobic resin (p < 0.05). Despite the increase in degree of monomer conversion, higher water sorption/solubility values and lower biaxial flexure strengths were detected as a result of reductions in polymer crosslink density (p < 0.05). In general, low DMSO-concentrations had no impact on the biaxial flexural strength, crosslinking density and water sorption/solubility (p < 0.05). ConclusionDMSO-monomer ratio and monomer composition are critical for new dental methacrylate-based adhesive formulations. High DMSO incorporation hampers physico/mechanical properties of methacrylate bonding resins, albeit to a lesser extend when hydrophilic resins are employed. Nonetheless, DMSO-solvated hydrophobic adhesives extensively outperform their hydrophilic correspondents. DMSO incorporation of 1w/w % may constitute a secure threshold regardless of monomer composition.