Inclusion Strategies for Parents of Children with Disabilities: From Stigma to Participation

Present study was undertaken in Sangli district of Maharashtra state in year 2024-25. The three talukas i.e. Kadegaon, Palus and Miraj from Sangli district were selected for this purpose. So those were using maximum fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, and other Agricultural inputs. Ten respondents were randomly selected from each village. The data were collected through personal interview. Around 50.66 per cent respondents had medium level of awareness regarding pesticides pollution. Among them 53.33 per cent respondents had medium level of awareness regarding fertilizers pollution. The average awareness score of respondents regarding pollution due to harvest waste was found to be 5.33 per cent. In case of food processing waste the average awareness score of respondents regarding agricultural pollution was found to be 3.39, which ranked 8th. The percentage of low level of awareness was 26.00 while 42.66 per cent of the respondents had medium level of awareness. The average awareness score of respondents regarding sewage water pollution was 3.57; 60.66 per cent respondents had medium level of awareness. With respect to the pollution from salt and silt, drained by irrigation water, only 16.66 per cent respondents had low level of awareness, whereas 32.00 per cent had high level of awareness and 51.33 per cent of the respondents had medium level of awareness, which ranked 1st with average score of 3.98. Nearly three fifth (58.00 per cent) respondents had medium level of awareness with respect to livestock waste pollution With regards to pollution due to dead bodies of animal, 30.66 per cent respondents were highly aware while half (51.33 per cent) of the respondents had medium level of awareness. For the noise pollution by farm machineries, 54.00 per cent of the respondents had medium level of awareness, while 20.00 per cent and 26.00 per cent respondents had high and low level of awareness. It is evident from the study that more than two third (78.00 per cent) of the respondents had medium level of overall awareness regarding agricultural pollution whereas 15.00 per cent of the respondents had low level of overall awareness and only 7.00 per cent of the respondents had high level of overall awareness regarding agricultural pollution. Further, the different measures being used by farmers for controlling agricultural pollution It has been concluded that there is need to provide training, guidance, knowledge and credits to rural farmers, so to increase awareness and enhance to socio-economic status.

Why does self-criticism arise and why might we get stuck in it? This chapter explores the physiological, social-cultural, and evolutionary theories that may help us to understand the experience of self-criticism. Experiences of stigma, shame, guilt, and self-criticism are embedded in innate potentials for human experience that are social. Motives for both competition and caring have evolved within humans. Competition motives shape our experiences of shame, humiliation, and self-criticism, while caring motives may shape our experiences of guilt, compassion, and empathy. Understanding these contrasting motivational underpinnings can help to tease apart the different facilitators and inhibitors of self-forgiveness. This chapter also explores self-compassion as a component of self-forgiveness and how this is a key resource for addressing unhelpful or hostile self-criticisms.

Experiences of social exclusion, or contexts that create the potential for social exclusion, not only have potent psychological effects, but they can have physiological consequences as well. This chapter reviews research that has examined the effects of social exclusion, rejection, and social evaluation on cortisol, an important health-relevant hormone. Studies have demonstrated that acute experiences of social evaluation or interpersonal rejection can elicit cortisol reactivity, particularly when the evaluation is unambiguous and salient. Social evaluation or exclusion can also precipitate rumination, which could serve to maintain elevated cortisol levels in response to these threats. Chronic forms of social exclusion (e.g., loneliness, peer victimization) have been associated with dysregulated cortisol patterns. Prolonged experiences of social exclusion, evaluation, or rejection may lead to negative health consequences via extended exposure to cortisol or dysregulation in the system.

Hospital accreditation is considered as an intervention performed to support patient safety and ensure high quality healthcare. Purpose: To assess the level of awareness of nursing staff and patients regarding hospital accreditation and determine the differences between the nursing staff awareness and patientsꞌ awareness regarding hospital accreditation. Design: Descriptive comparative design was utilized in this study. Setting: The study was conducted at ICU, surgical and medical departments at Menoufia University Hospitals, Shebin E Kom Teaching Hospital, National liver Institute and El Helal hospital. Sampling: A simple random sample of 448 staff nurses, 52 head nurses and 221 patients were included to participate in the study .Instruments: Nursing staff awareness and patientsꞌ awareness questionnaire. Results: the nursing staff had a moderate level of perception regarding hospital accreditation in El Helal Governmental hospital (81%) and in National Liver Hospital (NLI)(60.4%), On the other hand, nursing staff in Shebin El-kom Teaching Hospital (STH) and Menoufia University Hospitals(MUH) had a low level of perception . The nursing staff in all hospitals had not satisfied knowledge level and low level of awareness about hospital accreditation. Also, Patients in El Helal hospital had higher level of awareness and perception concerning than patients in Menoufia University hospital, Shebin El- Kom Teaching hospital and National Liver Institute. El Helal patients had satisfied level of knowledge of hospital accreditation, while patients in National Liver Hospital (NLI), Shebin El-Kom Teaching Hospital (STH) and Menoufia University Hospitals (MUH) had not satisfied level of knowledge in hospital accreditation. Conclusion: In the light of the present study results, the studied sample of the nursing staff had moderate level of perception of hospital accreditation in El Helal Governmental hospital and in National Liver Hospital (NLI).On the other hand, nursing staff in Shebin El-kom Teaching Hospital (STH) and Menoufia University Hospitals (MUH) had low level of perception and awareness of hospital accreditation. The patients in El Helal Governmental hospital had a moderate level of awareness, while patients in National Liver Hospital, Shebin El-Kom Teaching Hospital and Menoufia University Hospitals had a low level of awareness regarding hospital accreditation. Recommendations: Healthcare organizations should develop awareness regarding hospital accreditation among nurses by integrating this concept into its core values and strategic management.

Social rejection has been routinely associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. However, less is known about how social rejection impacts cognitive processes, including our decision-making abilities. This is critical to understand, given how ubiquitous experiences of rejection have become in the current era of social media. In this preregistered study, we hypothesized that social rejection would amplify the value of choice. Participants made choices about whether to participate in a lottery themselves or defer the choice to a computer across a series of interactions with purported anonymous peers who provided varying degrees of positive (e.g., likes) and negative (e.g., dislikes) feedback to simulate experiences of rejection and acceptance. Subjective experiences of affect and the likelihood of future social engagement with peers were measured. Following experiences of rejection, results revealed that participants were more likely to want to choose for themselves rather than defer the choice to the computer. However, negative affect modulated this pattern, such that when participants reported feeling worse during the task after rejection, they were more likely to defer choice to the computer. Further, negative affect significantly predicted participant's willingness to engage in future social behavior with their partners and individual differences in social symptoms (e.g., social anxiety and the need to belong) were significantly related to choice behavior. Taken together, our findings suggest that experience of social rejection can negatively impact our affective states, perceptions of others, and the degree to which we value choice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Positive but Rarely Protective: Associations of Adolescents' Mindfulness with Emotional Adjustment and Responses to Rejection by Peers

Laughter as a social rejection cue: Influence of prior explicit experience of social rejection on cardiac signs of “freezing”

How do experiences of shame and guilt shape or reflect the ways in which the vanquished are reconciled (or not) to the new world order established by the victors? Shame and guilt are universal experiences in the emotional landscape of post-war politics, albeit for different reasons and with radically different political effects. An examination of Germany after 1918 and of Japan after 1945 reveals that experiences of shame and guilt may be pivotal for creating conditions of possibility for reconciliation marked by political and moral transformation. This transformative potential of shame and guilt, however, is a double-edged sword. In threatening old identities, values and beliefs, experiences of shame and guilt may provoke defensive, reactionary and violent political responses, and thus may precipitate hideous rather than salutary transformations. Political leadership and political culture are crucial factors in shaping the kind of reconciliation — reactionary or transformative — as well as the specific nature of transformations that experiences of shame and guilt may motivate the vanquished to pursue.

Rejection sensitivity as a mediator of the relationship between experienced rejection and borderline characteristics

Life History Theory and Social Psychology

The present research aimed at answering the question why people differ in their way of attributing experienced social acceptance and rejection. Using a motivational approach, two scenario studies (Study 1, N = 280; Study 2, N = 232) and one study using actual social interactions (Study 3, N = 128) supported the hypothesis that dispositional social approach motives are associated with attributions following social acceptance (β = .16–.23, p < .001) but not social rejection (β = −.03 to −.06, p > .13), whereas dispositional social avoidance motives are associated with attributions following social rejection (β = .23–.29, p < .001) but not social acceptance (β = −.02 to −.08, p > .07). These studies demonstrate that social approach and avoidance motives are differentially predictive in social situations with positive compared to negative outcomes. Moreover, social motives play an important role in people’s attributions following their experiences of social acceptance or rejection. Taken together, the three studies suggest that people’s explanations of social acceptance and rejection differ as a function of what they generally want and fear in social interactions.

The effects of the behavioral inhibition and activation systems on social inclusion and exclusion

ABSTRACTThe study specifically examined the STCW-78 convention in view of identifying the 2010 Manila amendments, and assessing the level of awareness of the Manila amendments by the students, cadets and staff of the Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Oron. Two research questions were formulated and answered, using the inferential survey design. Participants were drawn using the multi-stage sampling approach comprising stratified sampling, random sampling and proportionate sampling technique. A well validated and reliable instrument consisting of 4 demographic items and 10 multiple choice questions of three options each was administered on 240 respondents. Based on data analysis and interpretations, the mean score of 3.57, percentage ratio of 30.5% and coefficient of variation of 68.6% was achieved for cadets, showing low level of awareness as well as low quality awareness. The students had mean score of 5.83, percentage ratio of 66.7% and coefficient of variation of 55.1%, suggesting good level awareness but low quality of awareness among the group. For the staff, mean score of 4.84, percentage ratio of 50% and coefficient of variation of 58.3% were achieved, pointing to low level of awareness and low quality of awareness. The study reveals low level and low quality of awareness of the STCW-78 as amended in Manila 2010. It was recommended that, Maritime Training Institutions should be sensitised on the provisions of the STCW as amended. Also IMO should ensure that, STCW awareness is enshrined in relevant curricular of Maritime Education and Training.

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