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Abstract
Every year, 2.4 million neonates die during their first month of life and even more suffer permanent injury. The main causes are intrapartum-related events, prematurity, and infection, with sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia being the worst affected regions. With a focus on intrapartum-related events, we aimed to assess the neonatal demographic characteristics, clinical management, and outcomes among neonates born at the largest obstetric hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study that included all the inborn neonates in November 2019, which was selected as a representative month. A total of 4554 neonates were born during the study period. Of these, 1.0% (n = 44) were stillbirths, 0.15% (n = 7) died in hospital, 0.61% (n = 28) received positive pressure ventilation at birth, and 0.15% (n = 7) were diagnosed with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. A total of 581 (13%) neonates were admitted to the neonatal unit, among which the most common diagnoses were prematurity (37%, n = 217) and infection (15%, n = 89). Except for the intrapartum-related events, our findings are consistent with the previously documented data on neonatal morbidity. The intrapartum-related events, however, were surprisingly low in number even in comparison to high-income countries. Research on the current clinical practice at Phu San Hanoi Hospital may bring further clarity to identify the success factors.
Highlights
Neonatal mortality accounts for nearly half of the 5.3 million deaths that occur every year among children under five years of age [1]
Of the neonates admitted to the neonatal unit, 37% were preterm, 2.9% were extremely preterm (
The overall positive pressure ventilation (PPV) rate was 0.6% (n = 28/4554 births), and, among the neonates admitted to the neonatal unit, 4.8%
Summary
Neonatal mortality accounts for nearly half of the 5.3 million deaths that occur every year among children under five years of age [1]. Health Organization (WHO) have, in the last few years, aligned to target neonatal health and end preventable deaths during the newborn period. Their aim is to reduce the overall neonatal mortality to fewer than 12 deaths per 1000 live births in all the countries of the world by 2030 [2]. Complications from prematurity, intrapartum-related events, infection, and congenital anomalies account for approximately 80% of neonatal mortality globally [1,3]. Intrapartum-related events are more likely to occur when the antenatal period has been complicated and in multiple or preterm births. Intrapartum-related events account for approximately 700,000 neonatal deaths every year [3]. Neonatal mortality estimates only include live births, and it has been reported that approximately
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