Incidence of Hyperthermia and its Management in Weaner Bharat Merino and Avihill Lambs in Himachal Pradesh

This study aims to evaluate the effects and identify the optimal treatment of adding soybean meal, zinc (Zn), and chromium (Cr) on the total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin levels, and packed cell volume in Rambon goats. The research was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023 at the goat pen of the Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. Total erythrocyte count and packed cell volume were assessed at the Pathology Laboratory of the Lampung Veterinary Center, while hemoglobin levels were analyzed at the Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung.The experiment involved 12 male Rambon goats and employed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) based on body weight, with four treatments and three replicates. The treatments were as follows: P1: Basal ration, P2: Basal ration 90% + 10% soybean meal, P3: Basal ration + organic minerals (40 ppm Zn lysinate + 0.3 ppm Cr lysinate), and P4: Basal ration 90% + 10% soybean meal + organic minerals (40 ppm Zn lysinate + 0.3 ppm Cr lysinate). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 5%.The observed variables included total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin levels, and packed cell volume. The results indicated that the addition of soybean meal, Zn, and Cr had no significant effect (P>0.05) on total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin levels, or packed cell volume. However, the supplementation was found to maintain normal values for these parameters, with a tendency to increase total erythrocyte count (P4), hemoglobin levels (P3), and packed cell volume (P2) within normal limits.

Background: This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of acid citrate dextrose (ACD) and citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 (CPDA-1) on the keeping qualities of various haematological and biochemical parameters of caprine blood during long time preservation and storage for transfusion. Methods: Sixteen healthy goats were selected and divided into 2 equal groups (A, n=8 and B, n=8). Fifty ml of blood was collected from each goat and preserved with ACD for group A (n=8) and CPDA-1 for group B (n=8). All the samples were stored at 40C in refrigerator for 28 days. The recorded blood parameters include total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total protein (TP) and pH. The blood parameters were analyzed immediately after collection and thereafter on day-1, day-3, day-7, day-14, day-21 and day-28 for both the groups. Results: In both groups, the TEC, TLC, Hb and PCV values were decreased gradually from day-1 onward. In ACD preserved blood, the control values of TEC (11.27±0.26 million/cumm), TLC (8.85±0.22 thousand/cumm), Hb (8.61±0.13 g/dl) and PCV (30.75±0.59%) were decreased to TEC (9.21±0.38 million/cumm), TLC (7.58±0.10 thousand/cumm), Hb (7.03±0.06 g/dl) and PCV (22.25±0.53%) respectively on day-7 which was statistically significant (p‹0.05). However, the gradual decrease in the parameters was also noticed from day-7 onward. On the other hand, in case of CPDA-1 preserved blood, the control values of TEC (11.88±0.28 million/cumm), TLC (8.91±0.26 thousand/cumm), Hb (8.91±0.42 g/dl) and PCV (32.13±0.79%) were found decreasing slightly with the progression of the preservation period, but the changes were statistically significant (p‹0.05) on day-21 [TEC (8.06±0.22 million/cumm), TLC (6.28±0.34 thousand/cumm), Hb (6.28±0.16 g/dl) and PCV (25.02±0.46%) respectively] and onward. Changes in the TP and pH values were also noticed in both the groups during the experiment but CPDA-1 group showed less alteration than ACD group as compared to the control values. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that CPDA-1 can be used for storing caprine blood longer period for transfusion in comparison to ACD with greater RBC viability.

Evaluation of antitrypanosomal activity of Pterocarpus santalinoides L’H'erit ex DC hydroethanol leaf extract in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei

The experiment was performed on 25 adult mice, (Swiss albino), weighing about 25 gm, maintained on standard pellet diet and drinking water ad libitum. All the mice were randomly divided into five equal groups (5x5). Each group comprised of five mice was marked as group A, B, C, D and E. In the present study an attempt has been taken to study the effect of Garlic and vitamin B-complex in lead induced toxicities in mice with the observation of some parameters as toxic signs and body weight, some haematological parameters like total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin content (Hb%) and Packed cell volume (PCV), some biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase SGPT/ALT, Serum glutamate Oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT/AST) and postmortem changes in mice. An attempt was also made to estimate the residual deposition of lead in body tissues i.e. blood, liver, kidney, brain and bone in mice. Mice treated with lead acetate showed severe toxic signs and significantly reduced total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, haemoglobin content and packed cell volume and significant elevation of SGPT and SGOT. But in case of mice treated by lead acetate along with Garlic and vitamin B-complex showed almost normal levels of haematological and biochemical parameters. From this experiment it is revealed that Garlic and vitamin B-complex has protective and curative effect in lead toxicity. The mean body weight of mice of group B (only lead acetate) was significantly (p < 0.01) decreased, in comparison with the other treated groups. Lead acetate group also significantly reduced (p < 0.01) total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and hemoglobin content was on 42 days of treatment. SGPT and SGOT were significantly elevated in all treated groups in comparison with control group. The liver of the mice of group B were blackish discoloration and enlarged. The significant reduction of lead in blood, liver and kidney was found in group E < C< D in comparison to group B (lead treated). The order of effectiveness was Garlic + Vitamin B- complex > Garlic > Vitamin Bcomplex. Key words: Garlic, vitamin B-complex, lead acetate, mice  doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2337 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 203-210

Purpose: To study the effect of the infusion of normal saline on hemodynamic changes in healthy volunteers using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Methods: Eight healthy subjects participated and 16 carotid arteries were used for the CFD analysis. A one-liter intravenous infusion of normal saline was applied to the participants to observe the hemodynamic variations. Blood viscosity was measured before and after the injection of normal saline to apply the blood properties on the CFD modeling. Blood viscosity, shear rate, and wall shear stress were visually and quantitatively shown for the comparison between before and after the infusion of normal saline. Statistical analyses were performed to confirm the difference between the before and after groups. Results: After the infusion of normal saline, decreased blood viscosity was observed in the whole carotid artery. At the internal carotid artery, the recirculation zone with low intensity was found after the injection of normal saline. Increased shear rate and reduced wall shear stress was observed at the carotid bifurcation and internal carotid artery. The hemodynamic differences between before and after groups were statistically significant. Conclusions: The infusion of normal saline affected not only the overall changes of blood flow in the carotid artery but also the decrease of blood viscosity.

Theileriosis is a common tickborne haemoprotozoan disease of dairy cattle in India and the World. Currently, buparvaquone is the only drug used for the treatment and prevention of theileriosis. However, recent reports of buparvaquone resistance in several endemic regions. This study aimed to evaluate clinical, hematological and biochemical alterations in Theileriosis affected cattle and compare the efficacy of Peganum harmala and P. harmala along with Oxytetracycline with Buparvaquone. Out of 61 cattle screened 21 found positive for Theileriosis. 18 positive cases were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6). Group I treated with Buparvaquone @ 2.5mg/kg body weight, Group II treated with P. harmala @ 7 mg/kg body weight and Group III treated with P. harmala @ 7mg/kg body weight along with Oxytetracycline @ 20mg/kg body weight. All the affected cattle treated with specific and supportive therapy and B – complex were given for 3 days. Group I, II and III showed significant improvement in Physiological Parameters (heart rate, rectal temperature and respiratory rate), Haemato-biochemical Parameters (total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, absolute neutrophil, absolute monocyte, total protein globulin, ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine) In group I all the cattle were recovered and there was no parasitemia observed at 14th day of post treatment. Hence, the buparvaquone showed 100% efficacy against Theileria parasite. The efficacy of group II was 66.66%. However, group III cattle showed 83.33% as compared to group I. Based on present study it can be concluded that P. harmala can be used as alternative medicine against Theileriosis

The study was conducted on suckling mice to determine the effects of chelation therapy in reducing the deposition of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). A total of 45 suckling mice were randomly divided into three main groups A (control), B, and C. Groups B and C contained Pb and Cd, respectively, at a concentration of 100 mg/kg bwt with 0, 1.70, 3.35, and 6.70% garlic given (B1, B2, B3, B4, and C1, C2, C3, C4). Mice exposed to Pb and Cd exhibited pronounced toxic symptoms along with a marked decrease in total erythrocyte and total leukocyte count, hemoglobin levels, and packed cell volume. Additionally, there is a significant increase in serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) levels. The mean body weight of mice of groups B4, and C4 was the highest among the treated groups. Groups B1 and C1, exposed to Pb and Cd without garlic, showed significant declines in all parameters. Group A (control) shows stable and normal SGOT and SGPT levels. Group C1, exposed to Cd without garlic, experiences the highest increases in both SGOT (98.53 U/L) and SGPT (132.83 U/L), indicating severe liver damage. The group treated with Pb and Cd showed a significant reduction in total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin levels after 42-d of treatment. However, mice treated with a combination of Pb, Cd, and 6.70% garlic exhibited nearly normal levels of hematological and biochemical parameters. SGPT and SGOT levels were significantly decreased in all treated groups along with garlic. This experiment demonstrates that garlic possesses both protective and curative effects against Pb and Cd toxicity.

Observations on some extra-adrenal effects of corticotropin on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in man

This study was designed to evaluate the effect on various haematological and biochemical parameters following administration of ketamine anaesthesia alongwith glycopyrrolate-diazepam, glycopyrrolate-butorphanol and glycopyrrolate-xylazine as preanaesthetics in 18 non-descript buffalo calves and were divided into three groups (A, B and C) with six animals in each. All the calves were administrated glycopyrrolate @ 0.01 mg/ kg body weight through intramuscular route prior to anaesthetic administration. Then the calves in all group A, B and C were administered diazepam @ 0.5 mg/kg body weight, butorphanol @ 0.075 mg/kg body weight and xylazine @ 0.16 mg/kg body weight respectively through intravenous route. Further, general anaesthesia was induced with ketamine @ 4 mg/kg body weight intravenously. Haematological parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC), differential leucocyte count (DLC) and biochemical parameters such as serum glucose, serum total protein, serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were estimated before sedation (0) and at 30, 60,120 min. and 6 hrs post ketamine anaesthesia. Hematological investigations indicated a non-significant (P>0.05) reduction in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, and DLC after ketamine anesthesia across all groups. Hyperglycemia was observed in animals from all groups following ketamine anesthesia. Other biochemical indicators such as total serum protein, serum urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels exhibited non-significant (P>0.05) variations at different time points but stayed within the normal physiological limits. Thus, it can be concluded that the combinations of glycopyrrolate-diazepam-ketamine, glycopyrrolate-butorphanol-ketamine, and glycopyrrolate-xylazine-ketamine do not have any harmful effects on vital organs, and the changes stayed within physiological limits. Therefore, ketamine can be used safely and effectively as an induction agent in buffalo calves for general anesthesia.

Intravenous general anaesthesia in large ruminants is simple and easy to administer as it requires no sophisticated instruments like inhalation anaesthesia. General anaesthesia, such as ketamine, is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist and induces a state called dissociative anaesthesia, producing profound analgesia without muscle relaxation. Surgical conditions like laparotomy, repair of diaphragmatic hernia, prepubic tendon rupture, thoraco pericardiotomy, repair of ventral hernia, etc., requiring general anaesthesia are frequently encountered in buffaloes. This study was designed to evaluate the effect on various haematological and biochemical parameters following administration of ketamine anaesthesia along with glycopyrrolate-diazepam, glycopyrrolate-butorphanol and glycopyrrolate-xylazine as preanaesthetics in 18 non-descript buffalo calves and were divided into three groups (A, B and C) with six animals in each. All the calves were administered glycopyrrolate @ 0.01 mg/ kg body weight through the intramuscular route prior to anaesthetic administration. Then the calves in all groups A, B and C were administered diazepam @ 0.5 mg/kg body weight, butorphanol @ 0.075 mg/kg body weight and xylazine @ 0.16 mg/kg body weight, respectively, through the intravenous route. Further, general anaesthesia was induced with ketamine @ 4 mg/kg body weight intravenously. Haematological parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC), differential leucocyte count (DLC) and biochemical parameters such as serum glucose, serum total protein, serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were estimated before sedation (0) and at 30, 60,120 min. and 6 hrs post ketamine anaesthesia. Statistical analysis was performed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple range tests (DMRT). Haematological investigations indicated a non-significant (P>0.05) reduction in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, and DLC after ketamine anaesthesia across all groups. Hyperglycemia was observed in animals from all groups following ketamine anaesthesia. There was significant (P<0.05) increase in Serum Glucose (mg/dl) value in group A and C at 30 min and 60 min following diazepam-ketamine and xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia respectively, while in group B, there was non-significant (P>0.05) increase in Serum Glucose value at 15 min after butorphanol-ketamine anaesthesia Other biochemical indicators such as total serum protein, serum urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels exhibited non-significant (P>0.05) variations at different time points but stayed within the normal physiological limits. Thus, it can be concluded that the combinations of glycopyrrolate-diazepam-ketamine, glycopyrrolate-butorphanol-ketamine, and glycopyrrolate-xylazine-ketamine do not have any harmful effects on vital organs, and the changes stayed within physiological limits. Therefore, ketamine can be used safely and effectively as an induction agent in buffalo calves for general anaesthesia.

Aluminium-induced changes in hemato-biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation and enzyme activities of male rabbits: protective role of ascorbic acid.

Gastrointestinal parasitism in goats is a prevalent and significant issue affecting livestock health and productivity in Himachal Pradesh. Goat rearing is a traditional occupation of the nomadic tribes in Himachal Pradesh. Small ruminants especially in hilly areas are often prone to infection with parasites. Sampling was done from migratory goats at selected site for further examination and it revealed that migratory goats in mid-hills around Palampur have high prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasitism (Strongyle, Trichuris and Moniezia Spp.) with mean Egg Per Gram value of 1656±136.40 in 30 goats out of the total 40 included in this study. Flotation method of faecal examination revealed greater incidence of GIT parasitism. There was significant reduction in Total Erythrocyte count, Haemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume and Mean Corpuscular Volume in infected goats as compared to healthy goats. Mean values of calcium, albumin, globulin, magnesium and iron were also found to be significantly decreased in infected group. Considering the high parasitic load during migration, regular deworming of the migratory goats is advised to keep them healthy and in good body condition. Conclusion: Present study concluded that prevalence of GIT parasitism in migratory flock of goat was high when assessed at mid-hills altitude with various haematological and biochemical parameters below the normal range as compared to healthy animals. Considering the high parasitic load during migration regular deworming of the migratory goats is advised to keep them healthy and in good body condition.

The effect of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, Linn., @100mg/kg bwt.), jute (Corchorus capsularis, Linn., @100 mg/kg bwt.) and Levavet® (levamisole, @ 7.5 mg/kg bwt.) against natural gastrointestinal nematodes were studied in cattle. Their effect on hematological parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV and TLC), biochemical parameters (ALT and AST) and clinical parameter (body weight) were also observed. Twenty four (24) naturally parasitized cattle of BAU Dairy Farm, Mymensingh were randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of six (6) cattle. Water extract of leaves of tobacco and jute were administered orally to the cattle of group A and B, respectively. Cattle of group C were treated with Levavet® orally. Cattle of group D was kept as infected control group. Fecal samples, body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters were examined before treatment and on 3rd, 10th, 17th and 28th day. A significant (p<0.01) reduction of EPG count was found following administration of tobacco (34.32-51.26%), jute (8.80-27.76%) and Levavet®(89.31-100%) in cattle. The EPG count of the control group (D) were significantly (p<0.01) increased up to the last day of experimental period. After treatment with tobacco, jute and Levavet®, total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb) content and packed cell volume (PCV) were gradually increased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) in cattle. Conversely, the total leukocyte count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) in treated cattle. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level were not significantly changed in the cattle. The body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) in tobacco, jute and Levavet® treated cattle whereas decreased in control group. It is found that water extracts of tobacco leaves were moderately effective and jute leaves were relatively less effective against mixed gastrointestinal nematode infections in cattle.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17108 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 61 - 68, 2008

Investigations of the left atrial (LA) distensibility have revealed that it plays a major role in atrial function; however, LA distensibility has not as yet been studied in congestive heart failure (CHF). The study was undertaken to determine the effects of acute administration of esmolol, isosorbide dinitrate, dobutamine, and normal saline infusion on LA dimension, pressure, and distensibility. The study included 23 patients with CHF (18 with ischemic heart disease and 5 with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy). Left atrial diameters (D) and pressures (P) were recorded at rest and thereafter during acute tests. P and D data during the ascending limb of the V loop were fitted to the exponential function P = b.ead, where a is the passive elastic chamber stiffness constant and b is the elastic constant. The instantaneous diastolic LA distensibility (IDLAD) was calculated as 1/(dP/dD) = 1/a.P. The constant, a, increased significantly after normal saline and esmolol infusion (p < 0.001), while it significantly decreased after isosorbide dinitrate (p < 0.001) and dobutamine administration (p < 0.05) compared with baseline. Instantaneous diastolic LA distensibility (in mm/Hg) was 0.16 at baseline; it significantly increased after isosorbide dinitrate (0.32) and dobutamine (0.24) administration, while it significantly decreased after normal saline (0.11) and esmolol (0.12) infusion (p < 0.001 for all). In CHF, LA distensibility may acutely increase with vasodilators or inotropics or may decrease with beta blockade or volume loading.

Azithromycin and Diminazene Aceturate Combination Therapy in Experimental Multidrug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infection in Albino Rats