Abstract
Background: Cancer is a large challenge to child health. The epidemic characteristics of childhood cancer have not been well described in recent years in China. This study aimed to reveal the patterns and trends of childhood cancer from 2000 to 2015 using cancer registry data. Methods: We extracted cancer registry data for children between 0-14 years in China from National Cancer Registry System. We used cancer registry data of high quality in 2015 to estimate current nationwide childhood cancer incidence and mortality. We applied data from 22 registries with continuous data for trend analysis from 2000 to 2015 using Joinpoint regression models. The age-standardized rates were calculated using the world Segi’s population. Findings: In 2015, about 21,300 childhood cancer cases were diagnosed. The age-standardized incidence rate by world standard population (ASIRW) was 103.2/1,000,000. The five most common cancer types were leukaemia, brain tumor, lymphoma, bone tumor and kidney cancer. About 8,800 childhood cancer deaths were reported. The age-standardized mortality rate by world standard population (ASMRW) was 42.3/1,000,000. The five most common causes of cancer deaths were leukaemia, brain tumor, lymphoma, liver cancer and bone tumor. ASIRW for leukaemia (APC=3.4%, 95%CI: 2.4%~4.3%) and brain tumor (APC=1.9%, 95%CI: 0.5%~3.4%) in boys, and the ASIRW for leukaemia (APC=2.0%, 95%CI: 0.2%~3.9%) in girls increased significantly from 2000 to 2015. The ASMRW for lymphoma decreased significantly in boys from 2000 to 2015 (APC=-7.2%, 95%CI: -11.9%~-2.4%). Interpretation: Childhood cancer disease burden is heavy in China. The uptrend of childhood cancer incidence was driven mostly by increases of incidences for leukaemia and brain tumor, suggesting urgent needs for targeted childhood cancer prevention and control plans. Funding Statement: This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1311704) and Major State Basic Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018-I2M-3-003). Declaration of Interests: All authors declare no competing interests.
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