Abstract
Field survey was conducted in the 2015 wet season to determine the incidence and distribution of cassava viruses in Kaduna and Sokoto States, Nigeria. Eighteen farms from 3 Local Government Areas namely; Lere, Chikun and Kajuru (Kaduna State) and Tureta, Shagari and Tambuwal (Sokoto State) were surveyed. Symptomatic leaves (180) and asymptomatic leaves (90) were collected from the surveyed farms. Enzyme Linked Immosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique was used to test the presence of viruses infecting cassava. Three viruses: African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV) and Cassava Congo sequivirus (no acronyms) were detected. Triple Antibody Sandwich (TAS- ELISA) was used to detect ACMV and EACMV while Double Antibody Sandwich (DAS- ELISA) was used to detect Cassava Congo sequivirus. ACMV had the highest incidence and was widely spread, the highest incidence was recorded in Lere Local Government (68.9%) and least was Tambuwal LG (11.0), followed by EACMV with highest incidence in Tambuwal (22.23%) and no occurrence in Kajuru. Cassava Congo sequivirus recorded the highest incidence in Kajuru (43.33%). Mixed infections occur in some of the farms. This the first report of Cassava Congo sequivirus in Nigeria and Africa. Wide spread occurrence of ACMV calls for effective management of the virus.
Highlights
Cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, is a shrubby perennial plant grown mainly for its carbohydrate rich tuberous roots (Thresh and Cooter, 2005)
Research was conducted in Kaduna (Northern guinea savannah zone) and Sokoto (Sudan savannah zone) to determine the incidence and distribution of cassava viruses for effective diagnosis and management of these viruses
Chikun LG had the highest incidence of East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV) (15.56%) while no incidence was observed in Kajuru
Summary
Manihot esculenta Crantz, is a shrubby perennial plant grown mainly for its carbohydrate rich tuberous roots (Thresh and Cooter, 2005). It is a widely cultivated crop of the genus Manihot (Fauguet and Fargette, 1990). In addition to cassava mosaic virus (CMV), Cassava Congo sequivirus infect cassava and found in some farms where cassava is grown. It belongs to the family sequiviridae and vectored by Aphis spp (Uniprot, 2014). These viruses are transmitted by infected stem cuttings. Research was conducted in Kaduna (Northern guinea savannah zone) and Sokoto (Sudan savannah zone) to determine the incidence and distribution of cassava viruses for effective diagnosis and management of these viruses
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