Abstract
Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne disease and is often associated with the consumption of foods of animal origin. In this study, sixty-six Salmonella isolates were obtained from 631 raw meat samples purchased at small retail suppliers in Hubei Province, China. The most prevalent Salmonella serotypes were Thompson (18.2%) and Agona (13.6%). Frequent antimicrobial resistance was observed for the sulfonamides (43.9%), tetracycline (43.9%), and the β-lactams amoxicillin and ampicillin (36.4% for each). Interestingly, a high incidence of resistance to cephazolin was observed in strains of the most common serotype, S. Thompson. Class I integrons were found in 27.3% (18/66) of the isolates and five of these integrons contained different gene cassettes (aacA4C-arr-3-dfr2, dfrA12-aadA21, aadA2, dfrA12-aadA2, dfr17-aadA5). Additional antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaTEM–1, blaCTX–M–65, blaCTX–M–15, qnrB, and qnrS, were also identified among these Salmonella isolates. Results of replicon typing and conjugation experiments revealed that an integron with qnrB and blaCTX–M–15 genes was present on incH12 mobile plasmid in S. Thompson strain. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis revealed 32 sequence types, indicating that these isolates were phenotypically and genetically diverse, among which ST26 (18.2%) and ST541 (12.1%) were the predominant sequence types. The integrons, along with multiple antimicrobial resistance genes on mobile plasmids, are likely contributors to the dissemination of multidrug resistance in Salmonella.
Highlights
Salmonella is an important source of foodborne disease, resulting in morbidity and mortality worldwide (Park et al, 2015)
A total of 19 serotypes were identified among 66 Salmonella isolates and one isolate from chicken was un-typeable (Table 2)
Thompson was not isolated from pork but it was the most common serotype isolated from both duck meat and fish with 33.3% (4/12) and 37.5% (3/8), respectively
Summary
Salmonella is an important source of foodborne disease, resulting in morbidity and mortality worldwide (Park et al, 2015). Direct and indirect spread of Salmonella between animals and humans are threats to human health. Serotype determination is an important aspect of epidemiological surveillance and disease assessment (Hung et al, 2017). Changes in the prevalence of specific serotypes can result from the movements of people, animals, and foods (Hendriksen et al, 2009). Serotypes Enteritidis and Typhimurium have been most frequently implicated in salmonellosis outbreaks from foods in Taiwan, Greece, Qatar and South Africa (Chang et al, 2016; Papadopoulos et al, 2016; Hung et al, 2017; Smith et al, 2017)
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