Abstract
Samples, such as raw waters, which contain large numbers of organisms will need to be pre‐diluted before culture, in order to count or estimate the numbers present. This introduces a further approximation into the results obtained from routine sampling and laboratory procedures. Computers allow calculation of 95% confidence intervals (c.i.) for the estimated count in the pre‐dilution sample. Although such confidence intervals can be wide, the variation in the density of organisms in the water source will be as large and probably much larger than the confidence intervals suggest. Accordingly, it is not surprisng that series of results from routine samples are highly variable.
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