Abstract
Photoacoustic spectroscopy has been shown to be a promising tool for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring. However, the repeatability of such a method is susceptible to changes in skin condition, which is dependent on hand washing and drying due to the high absorption of infrared excitation light to the skin secretion products or water. In this paper, we present a method to meet the challenges of mid-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy for non-invasive glucose monitoring. By obtaining the microscopic spatial information of skin during the spectroscopy measurement, the skin region where the infrared spectra is insensitive to skin condition can be locally selected, which enables reliable prediction of the blood glucose level from the photoacoustic spectroscopy signals. Our raster-scan imaging showed that the skin condition for in vivo spectroscopic glucose monitoring had significant inhomogeneities and large variability in the probing area where the signal was acquired. However, the selective localization of the probing led to a reduction in the effects of variability due to the skin secretion product. Looking forward, this technology has broader applications not only in continuous glucose monitoring for diabetic patient care, but in forensic science, the diagnosis of malfunctioning sweat pores, and the discrimination of tumors extracted via biopsy.
Highlights
Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Korea
It is important to investigate the effect of the sweat secretion on the in vivo skin photoacoustic spectroscopy for glucose monitoring
To obtain the spatial information of skin, we have developed a position scanning photoacoustic spectroscopy system
Summary
Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Korea. The interstitial fluid is known to have shorter delay times (~5–15 min) in the increase of blood glucose level than other body fluids (e.g., tear, saliva, and urine), and to represent a considerably clearer matrix than the blood mainly consisting of glucose, albumin, and trace of lactate[22] In these optical methods, the analysis of the received light signal is inherently complex because the glucose signal is often very weak and interferes with other signals from a variety of molecules in the blood and tissues. Numerous efforts have been made to design non-invasive glucose detection methods, but the accuracy and repeatability are still below those of the invasive methods due to the skin secretion products In addressing these long-standing challenges, our approach has immense potential in establishing such a technology in near future
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