Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of biomechanical preparation using different irrigating solutions. Seventy-eight root canals from premolars of four dogs were used. After experimental induction of periapical lesions, the root canals were prepared using the following solutions for irrigation: Group 1) 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); Group 2) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); Group 3) saline solution and Group 4) control group with no biomechanical preparation. The microbiological evaluation of the root canals was performed by counting the colony forming units (CFUs) using different culture mediums. Two absorbent paper cones were used in each root canal in order to collect the microbiological samples before, and thirty days after the biomechanical preparation. The culture plates were incubated in aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophilic environment. Statistical evaluation was carried out using analysis of variance, Tukey and Student tests. The results demonstrated that there was reduction in the number of microorganisms in the NaOCl and CHX groups (p<0.05). There was greater effectiveness in the chlorhexidine group. The group that used saline solution and the control group presented an increased number of microorganisms. It can be concluded that the use of antimicrobial irrigating solutions during biomechanical preparation promotes the reduction of endodontic microbiota. However, a considerable number of microorganisms were still observed.
Highlights
The elimination of bacteria present in the root canal system is the fundamental objective of endodontic treatment as they play an important role in the development and maintenance of periapical lesions[11,21]
In groups 1 and 2, there was a reduction in microorganisms in relation to groups 3 and 4, where there was an increase in the number of microorganisms
The results indicated that “before” biomechanical preparation the groups were homogeneous as to the number of microorganisms
Summary
The elimination of bacteria present in the root canal system is the fundamental objective of endodontic treatment as they play an important role in the development and maintenance of periapical lesions[11,21]. Among the phases of endodontic treatment, the biomechanical preparation aims at removal of organic and inorganic debris and modeling of the root canal[7]. The chemical action of irrigating solutions plays an important role[3,14,25]. Sodium hypochlorite solution has been largely used in endodontic treatment of teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical lesions[18]. The antimicrobial activity, capacity to dissolve organic tissue, low surface tension and detergent action[5] are important properties attributed to sodium hypochlorite solution
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