Abstract
In vivo measurement of retinal blood flow is obtained by measuring the blood velocity of erythrocytes and lumen diameters of the blood vessels using an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Erythrocyte velocity is measured by tracking erythrocytes moving across a horizontal scanning line. This approach provides high temporal bandwidth measurements, allowing the fluctuation of blood flow during cardiac cycles to be measured. The technique is most applicable to medium-sized blood vessels.
Highlights
Retinal blood flow dynamics can be influenced by several retinal disorders, including diabetic retinopathy[1], glaucoma[2], and age-related macular degeneration[3]
While various approaches have been developed for evaluating retinal blood flow in humans, including fluorescein angiography[4], laser Doppler velocimetry[5] and flowmetry[6], Doppler optical coherence tomography[7], stabilized Doppler flowmetry[8], and monitoring of leukocyte velocity [9,10], all of these techniques involve tradeoffs or limitations
Techniques based on Doppler shift such as laser Doppler velocimetry and Doppler optical coherence tomography are limited to detection of blood flow in large retinal blood vessels because they measure blood flow by detecting the Doppler shift, which requires a signal large enough to provide reliable results[11]
Summary
Retinal blood flow dynamics can be influenced by several retinal disorders, including diabetic retinopathy[1], glaucoma[2], and age-related macular degeneration[3]. While various approaches have been developed for evaluating retinal blood flow in humans, including fluorescein angiography[4], laser Doppler velocimetry[5] and flowmetry[6], Doppler optical coherence tomography[7], stabilized Doppler flowmetry[8], and monitoring of leukocyte velocity [9,10], all of these techniques involve tradeoffs or limitations. Fluorescein angiography requires injection of a contrast agent that is invasive. Techniques based on Doppler shift such as laser Doppler velocimetry and Doppler optical coherence tomography are limited to detection of blood flow in large retinal blood vessels because they measure blood flow by detecting the Doppler shift, which requires a signal large enough to provide reliable results[11]. Monitoring of leukocyte velocity works best for small capillaries near the fovea
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