Abstract
Some evidence in vitro suggested that amoxicillin and fluoride could disturb the enamel mineralization. Objective: To assess the effect of amoxicillin and of the combination of amoxicillin and fluoride on enamel mineralization in rats. Methodology: In total, 40 rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control group (CG); amoxicillin group (AG - amoxicillin (500 mg/kg/day), fluoride group (FG - fluoridated water (100 ppm -221 mg F/L), and amoxicillin + fluoride group (AFG). After 60 days, the samples were collected from plasma and tibiae and analyzed for fluoride (F) concentration. The incisors were also collected to determine the severity of fluorosis using the Dental Fluorosis by Image Analysis (DFIA) software, concentration of F, measurements of enamel thickness, and hardness. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey’s post-hoc test, or Games-Howell post-hoc test (α=0.05). Results: Enamel thickness of the incisors did not differ statistically among the groups (p=0.228). Groups exposed to fluoride (AFG and FG) have higher F concentrations in plasma, bone and teeth than those not exposed to fluoride (CG and AG). The groups showed a similar behavior in the DFIA and hardness test, with the FG and AFG groups showing more severe fluorosis defects and significant lower hardness when compared with the AG and CG groups, with no difference from each other. Conclusion: The rats exposed to fluoride or fluoride + amoxicillin developed dental fluorosis, while exposure to amoxicillin alone did not lead to enamel defects.
Highlights
The dental enamel development, known as amelogenesis, is a dynamic process resulting from the interplay between the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues.1,2 Even though genetic factors3,4 may play an important role in this process, extracellular disorders may cause changes in dental enamel.5,6 Developmental defects of enamel have been associated with recurrent health problems and medications in the first years of life, especially with conditions that cause high-grade fever.6-8 Amoxicillin is the main antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections in children
In the image of the rat tooth with dental fluorosis showing striated white bands distributed in the orange enamel
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first animal study that compared the effect of fluoride alone and of fluoride + amoxicillin on amelogenesis, considering previous hypotheses described in the literature
Summary
The dental enamel development, known as amelogenesis, is a dynamic process resulting from the interplay between the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. Even though genetic factors may play an important role in this process, extracellular disorders may cause changes in dental enamel. Developmental defects of enamel have been associated with recurrent health problems and medications in the first years of life, especially with conditions that cause high-grade fever. Amoxicillin is the main antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections in children. The dental enamel development, known as amelogenesis, is a dynamic process resulting from the interplay between the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues.. Even though genetic factors may play an important role in this process, extracellular disorders may cause changes in dental enamel.. Developmental defects of enamel have been associated with recurrent health problems and medications in the first years of life, especially with conditions that cause high-grade fever.. Amoxicillin is the main antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections in children. Amoxicillin has been previously demonstrated to affect the enamel formation in animals.. Whether the damage is caused by the disorder itself or by the medication use is still unclear, as both occur simultaneously and in close association Amoxicillin has been previously demonstrated to affect the enamel formation in animals. whether the damage is caused by the disorder itself or by the medication use is still unclear, as both occur simultaneously and in close association
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