Abstract
Two cholinesterases have been found in vertebrates, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). These enzymes are present in the gilthead seabream, AChE in the brain and muscle and BChE in the muscle. Cholinesterases have been used as biomarker of effect in environmental monitoring studies. However, there are few studies about the influence of biometric parameters on ChE. This paper studies the possible influence of biological factors on brain and muscle cholinesterase (ChE) in Sparus aurata. Our results show that ChE activity in brain and muscle tissues changes depending on several biological variables. ChE activity in these tissues decreased when the age (48–152 week), body length (14.15–28.95 cm) and body weight (42.73–380.74 g) of the fishes studied increased. The relationships between brain and muscle ChE activity and several biometric factors were curvilinear.On the other hand, in vivo sensitivity of cholinesterase in the gilthead seabream exposed to organophosphorus pesticides (azinphosmethyl, dimethoate and dichlorvos) was studied in order to learn about recovery from cholinesterase present (brain and muscle) after exposure to a sublethal dose. The recovery of muscle AChE was similar to cerebral AChE, while muscular BChE showed a slower recovery.
Highlights
Organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) are a classes of pesticides used to control a wide range of invertebrate pests in domestic and natural environments
The results showed that basal ChE activity in brain and muscle decreased significantly when age, body length, and body weight increased in a curvilinear manner that could be described by power equation
This study indicates that ChE activity can change in Sparus aurata depending on biological variables
Summary
Organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) are a classes of pesticides used to control a wide range of invertebrate pests in domestic and natural environments. Most OPs are highly toxic but relatively short-lived in nature (Hill, 2003; Ray and Ghosh, 2006) They are toxic to other non-target species such as mammals, birds, and aquatic or ganisms. These pesticides can arrive in aquatic systems because they are directly applied into the aquatic environment to control aquatic pests or from runoff from field treatment with OPs after rain events Monitoring exposure of this kind of ecosystem to OPs is complicated because they generally do not have a long period of persistence in the water due to their low water solubility and rapid degradation (Kamrin, 2000). A reliable biomarker of exposure would be useful
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