Abstract
This study was conducted to develop an efficient regeneration protocol used for sesame genetic transformation. Published regeneration methods using 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), indol-3-butyric acid (IBA), andα-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were used in this experiment. Cotyledon explants of 14 Ethiopian genotypes collected from Humera Agricultural Research Center (HuARC) were used. Optimized culture conditions were used to investigate the regeneration response of different genotypes. Significant interactions between hormone treatments, MS media, and genotypes for shoot and root regeneration were recorded. Results showed that culture of cotyledons were developed and used as a source of explants for shoot regeneration. The highest shoot number, leaf number, and shoot length were recorded on explants cultured on 1.00 mg·L−1BAP + 1.00 mg·L−1NAA in Hirhir and Aberghele, 0.75 mg·L−1BAP + 1.00 mg·L−1NAA in Baha Zeyit, and 1.0 mg·L−1BAP + 1.00 mg·L−1NAA in Humera 1, respectively. The lowest shoot number, leaf number, and shoot length were observed on explants cultured on the control in Gondar 1, Borkana, and Baha Necho, Borkana and Beha Necho, and Baha Necho, respectively. Genotypes with well-developed shoots were transferred to root induction media. Under rooting media, the best mean, root number, and root length were observed in Aberghele and ACC44 at 0.1 mg·L−1IBA and 0.2 mg·L−1NAA, respectively. Standardizing genotypes trait data to mean 0 and unity variance has helped to group 14 genotypes into four distinct clusters. Hirhir, Abeghele, Baha Zeyit, and Humera 1 were the best genotypes. These findings lay ground to Ethiopian sesame to do further genetic transformation aiming at improving the crop.
Highlights
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest oilseeds crops widely grown in Asia (54.9%), Africa (40.8%), and South and Central Americas (4.3%)
A total of fourteen genotypes of Sesamum indicum were tested for induction of shoot regeneration
Shoot regeneration responses were studied using four-week cotyledon as explants. e responses were significantly affected by combinations of genotypes and concentration of PGRs
Summary
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest oilseeds crops widely grown in Asia (54.9%), Africa (40.8%), and South and Central Americas (4.3%). Sesame seed yield capacity is very low compared to other oilseed crops. The yield remains very low due to a diverse set of adversaries including, but not limited to, drought, salinity, diseases and insect pests, inherent genetic problems (such as seed shattering and indeterminate flowering), and poor agronomic and postharvest handling capabilities. It is, crucial to systematically investigate the genetic and environmental factors determining sesame yield (quality and quantity) including shattering, drought, and other biotic and abiotic stresses in order to identify and breed genotypes with improved traits
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