Abstract
BackgroundArthropod borne virus infections are the cause of severe emerging diseases. Among the diseases due to arboviruses, dengue (DEN) and Rift Valley fever (RVF) are in the top ten in the list of diseases responsible of severe human cases worldwide. Understanding the effects of viral infection on gene expression in competent vectors is a challenge for the development of early diagnostic tools and may enable researchers and policy makers to better anticipate outbreaks in the next future.MethodsIn this study, alterations in gene expression across the entire Aedes aegypti genome during infection with DENV and RVFV were investigated in vitro at two time points of infection, the early phase (24 h) and the late phase (6 days) of infection using the RNA sequencing approachResultsA total of 10 upregulated genes that share a similar expression profile during infection with both viruses at early and late phases of infection were identified. Family B and D clip-domain serine proteases (CLIP) were clearly overrepresented as well as C-type lectins and transferrin.ConclusionsOur data highlight the presence of 10 viral genes upregulated in Ae. aegypti during infection. They may also be targeted in the case of the development of broad-spectrum anti-viral diagnostic tools focusing the mosquito vectors rather than the mammalian hosts as they may predict the emergence of outbreaks.
Highlights
IntroductionAmong the diseases due to arboviruses, dengue (DEN) and Rift Valley fever (RVF) are in the top ten in the list of diseases responsible of severe human cases worldwide
Arthropod borne virus infections are the cause of severe emerging diseases
Virus growth The stock of the Smithburn Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) strain (OBP, Onderstepoort Biological Products, Onderstepoort, South Africa) and the stock of serotype 2 human Dengue virus (DENV) supplied by Dr Jaffar-Bandjee (CHU La Réunion) for research purposes were produced on African green monkey kidney Vero cells using DMEM (Gibco Life Technologies, Illkirch, France) containing 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco Life Technologies), 2mM L-glutamine (Gibco Life Technologies)
Summary
Among the diseases due to arboviruses, dengue (DEN) and Rift Valley fever (RVF) are in the top ten in the list of diseases responsible of severe human cases worldwide. There has been a worldwide emergence of arboviruses-related diseases such as Zika, chikungunya, dengue, West Nile (WN) and Rift Valley fever (RVF) leading to a global health burden with important socioeconomic impacts. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a category A priority zoonotic pathogen due to its potential to cause severe economic distress and major health issues (mass abortions and neonatal mortality in ruminants and human deaths) following infection by direct contact with infected animals (tissues and aerosols) or through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Dengue virus (DENV) exists as four serotypes (DENV-1, -2, -3 and -4) that are phylogenetically related and loosely antigenically distinct [6]. Dengue is endemic in more than 120 countries in southeast Asia, the Americas, the western Pacific, Africa and the eastern Mediterranean regions [8]
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