Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans, commonly known as Sabah snake grass, is one of the more important medicinal plants in Malaysia’s herbal industry. C. nutans has gained the attention of medical practitioners due to its wide range of bioactive compounds responsible for various biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-venom and anti-viral activities. Due to its high pharmacological properties, the species has been overexploited to meet the demands of the pharmaceutical industry. The present study was conducted to establish a suitable in vitro culture procedure for the mass propagation of C. nutans. Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium, supplemented with different types of cytokinins, auxins, basal medium strength and sucrose concentrations, were tested. Based on the results, a full-strength MS basal medium supplemented with 12 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 30 g/L sucrose was recorded as the best outcome for all the parameters measured including the regeneration percentage, number of shoots, length of shoots, number of leaves and fresh weight of leaves. In the analysis of the phenolics content and antioxidant activities, tissue-cultured leaf extracts assayed at 100 °C exhibited the highest phenolic content and antioxidant activities. The propagation of C. nutans via a plant tissue culture technique was recorded to be able to produce high phenolic contents as well as exhibit high antioxidant activities.
Highlights
Medicinal plants, referred to as herbal plants, have been used for centuries as a source for alternative medicines in the prevention and treatments of various diseases
The results indicated that the Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium without cytokinin (MS0), 4 μM BAP and 4 μM kinetin exhibited 88.89% shoot regeneration
The study reported that the full-strength MS basal medium supplemented with 12 μM BAP and 30 g/L sucrose exhibited the best result in terms of a high percentage of shoot regeneration, number of shoots, length of shoots, number of leaves and fresh weight of leaves
Summary
Referred to as herbal plants, have been used for centuries as a source for alternative medicines in the prevention and treatments of various diseases. Plant-based products have been well-accepted due to scientific evidence that proved their low to no side effects and low price compared to modern medicine [1]. In Malaysia, the herbal industry has become one of the most important sectors with RM 80 million (USD 18 million) production values in 2018. Clinacanthus nutans, commonly known as Sabah snake grass, is a medicinal plant species belonging to the family Acanthaceae and is among the more important medicinal plants in Malaysia. It is an annual shrub which grows up to three meters tall with lanceolate-ovate shaped leaves [4].
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