Abstract
The haemostatic efficacy of different extract types of Satureja thymbra L., Thymbra spicata L. (Lamiaceae) and Verbascum fruticulosum Post. (Scrophulariaceae) was evaluated in this study via the Prothrombin time (PT) and Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) analysis. Aqueous, methanol and ethanol extracts of the examined plant species leaves were prepared to a final concentration 50 mg/mL. In vitro PT and aPTT assays were conducted on normal platelet poor plasma blood samples by a digital coagulation analyzer. The obtained results revealed anticoagulation activity of all investigated plant species with observed variations among them. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of T. spicata as well as the aqueous extract of S. thymbra prolonged PT values significantly (p < 0.05). While, all V. fruticulosum extract types have had no significant effect on the PT values. The recorded aPTT data showed that all aqueous extracts have had a significant effect on the blood haemostasis as they increased aPTT values in all plant species under study. Out of which, both the ethanol and methanol extracts of T. spicata and methanol extract of S. thymbra showed similar effect. Of great concern, it was clearly noticed that the aqueous and ethanol extract of T. spicata and the aqueous extract of S. thymbra possess the strongest anticoagulation effect as they increased both PT and aPTT values significantly relative to the control (p < 0.05). The variable anticoagulation bioactivity among the studied plant species could be referred to the various solvents degrees of solubility of different phyto-constituents. Thus, the efficacy of the plant species extracts evaluation as anticoagulants or coagulants were related to the plant species and to the solvent of extraction.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world, that arise from the conflicts associated with blood coagulation (Rang et al, 2007; Buch et al, 2010)
Epidemiological and ethnomedical studies revealed that the risk of several diseases in general and cardiovascular ones in particular are reduced by a high consumption of medicinal plants (He et al, 2007; Sargin et al, 2015)
The examined blood samples were considered as representative samples for this study as no observed individual variations (p < 0.01) in Prothrombin time (PT) and Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) data
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world, that arise from the conflicts associated with blood coagulation (Rang et al, 2007; Buch et al, 2010). While decreased coagulation leads to prolonged bleeding time which results either from certain diseases like haemophilia or from drugs like aspirin (Vane and Botting, 2003). Medicinal plants were and still used traditionally as protective natural medication (Sargin et al, 2015). Epidemiological and ethnomedical studies revealed that the risk of several diseases in general and cardiovascular ones in particular are reduced by a high consumption of medicinal plants (He et al, 2007; Sargin et al, 2015). The salicylic acid which is another extracted phytochemical from Salix alba L., that is transformed into antiplatelet drug known by aspirin (Vane and Botting, 2003)
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