Abstract
Humans have long-used mushrooms as food and medicine, but digestion and colonic fermentation of most mushrooms, including Lentinus squarrosulus is markedly unknown. Here, nutritional profile, digestion and colonic fermentation of L. squarrosulus powder (LP) were determined. The powder contained mainly carbohydrate and protein. SEM and F-TIR analysis of the resistant hydrolysate (RH) revealed that the structure and ratio of carbohydrate and protein components were altered, and released known immunomodulation agents; beta-glucans and mannose. Both LP and RH promoted selected probiotic bacteria, especially Bifidobacterium strains. Using fecal microbiota of five volunteers (V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5), RH stimulated the microbiota of all used volunteers, via decreasing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ranging from 1.3 to 8.2 times. Also, RH increased the relative abundance of vital immunomodulators; Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium cluster XIVa and IV, and Sutterella. Additionally, RH fermentation enriched the content of branch-chain fatty acids (BCFA) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), indicating protein and carbohydrate usage. Notably, propionic and butyric acids were abundant in V1, V2 and V3, while in V4 and V5, acetic and butyric acids were most enriched. Suggesting L. squarrosulus as functional mushroom to improve health and prevent diseases by enhancing gut health.
Highlights
Humans have long-used mushrooms as food and medicine, but digestion and colonic fermentation of most mushrooms, including Lentinus squarrosulus is markedly unknown
The detergent fiber profile was analysis, which consisted of 37.26 g neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 15.62 acid detergent fiber (ADF) and 1.03 g acid detergent lignin (ADL)
The relative abundance of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium cluster XIVa and IV, and Sutterella were enriched by resistant hydrolysate (RH), which was dependent on time
Summary
Humans have long-used mushrooms as food and medicine, but digestion and colonic fermentation of most mushrooms, including Lentinus squarrosulus is markedly unknown. SEM and F-TIR analysis of the resistant hydrolysate (RH) revealed that the structure and ratio of carbohydrate and protein components were altered, and released known immunomodulation agents; beta-glucans and mannose. Both LP and RH promoted selected probiotic bacteria, especially Bifidobacterium strains. Edible mushrooms are rich in functional ingredients, and have since been consumed and are valued for their low calorific value, and rich compounds such as carbohydrate and protein that are indigestible but can be utilized by gut m icrobiota[9]. Previous reports have indicated that different edible mushrooms and their functional components affect host intestinal flora and mechanisms, prospect to improve health and prevent diseases. mushroom[14], it is important to understand the effect of gastrointestinal condition on whole mushroom matrix and the impact of the indigestible fraction on human gut microbiota
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