Abstract
This study aimed to assess the biofilm reduction, staining potential, and cytotoxicity of guava extract mouth rinse compared to chlorhexidine (CHX). Substantivity, staining, and antibiofilm potential were investigated by spectrophotometry, colony-forming units, and luminosity color meter, respectively. The cell viability assay was conducted using a colorimetric assay to determine nontoxic levels of guava (0.15%) and CHX in human gingival epithelial keratinocytes (HGEK-16). Cells were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 1μg/mL) and guava to assess inflammatory gene expression levels of interleukin-β1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and Prostaglandin E2. A scratch wound healing assay investigated the effects of guava on cell migration. The teeth coated in guava mouth rinse displayed 19.4% higher substantivity compared to CHX (0.2%), and the anti-biofilm reduction was observed with both guava and CHX mouth rinses (P < 0.05). The overall discoloration changes were higher with CHX and distilled water compared to guava. Also, guava significantly enhanced HGEK-16 cell viability (P < 0.05), and IL-β1, TNFα and PGE2 expression presented a 0.6-fold decrease when exposed to guava and LPS (P < 0.05). The present study showed that guava mouth rinse fulfilled the requirement for an effective and useful oral care product with desirable substantivity and anti-biofilm action. In addition, guava reduced the inflammation response in HGEK-16 and may be a potential oral rinse for oral anti-inflammatory therapies.
Highlights
There has long been great interest both by dental professionals and commercial oral health care markets in remedial agents that could augment the mechanical elimination of biofilms present in the oral cavity
It has been well established that the pathogenic microbiota present in the biofilm strongly influences the development of periodontal disease and caries [1]
Discussion herbal mouth rinse formulation containing guava extract and compared them to CHX mouth The present study evaluated the biofilm reduction potential and staining properties of a herbal rinse as a commonly prescribed standard chemoprophylactic anti-biofilm agent
Summary
There has long been great interest both by dental professionals and commercial oral health care markets in remedial agents that could augment the mechanical elimination of biofilms present in the oral cavity. It has been well established that the pathogenic microbiota present in the biofilm strongly influences the development of periodontal disease and caries [1]. Appropriate oral hygiene practices, along with professional oral prophylaxis, should be followed for effective oral care benefits. Many patients are unable to reach acceptable levels of oral hygiene at home, especially when they have maligned teeth, prostheses, proximal restorations, orthodontic appliances, etc. Plaque niches remain that may contribute to periodontal disease. An adjunctive chemotherapeutic approach has been recommended, along with routine self-performed oral hygiene [3]
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