Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the effect of toothpastes with different active ingredients on dentin permeability using an extended protocol including multiple applications and several thermal ageing cycles in the presence or absence of human saliva. The Null hypothesis was that dentin permeability of a hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste (BR), a potassium nitrate (SP) and an arginine and calcium carbonate (EH) containing toothpaste were similar. Dentin permeability was measured as hydraulic conductance using a commercially available capillary flow system (Flodec, Geneva) and results were expressed as % relative to matching controls. Without saliva, the ranking (best first) of dentin permeability was BR(61%) < SP(87%) < EH(118%), with saliva EH(63%) < SP(72%) < BR(88%). Saliva increased or decreased permeability dependent upon the test material. BR reduced dentin permeability significantly more in absence of saliva, with saliva EH was superior to BR. Repeated material application decreased and thermal ageing increased dentin permeability. The different tooth pastes reduced permeability differently, the best being BR without saliva, the least EH without saliva. The newly introduced test conditions (ageing, saliva, multiple applications) influenced single results significantly, and as they better simulate the in vivo situation they should be considered to be included in further in vitro permeability testing of desensitizing preparations.
Highlights
The relative hydraulic conductance rLp of control Adper Prompt L-Pop (AL), tested without saliva only, ranged between 23% and 79% (Fig. 1), being significantly below 100% at all measurement points t1, t2, t4, and t6
RLp at t5 was significantly different from baseline, whereas with saliva, rLp at all measurement time points except t1 were significantly higher compared to t0
Comparing rLp of untreated controls with and without saliva, for t2, t3, t4 and t5 the median rLp is higher for dentin slices coated with saliva compared to those without
Summary
Patients complain about pain after exposure of their teeth to cold or hot diet. This is a frequent symptom of a so-called dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Dentin contains about 30,000 tubuli per mm[2] of 1–2 μm diameter running perpendicularly from the dentin surface to the dental pulp[1]. It has been postulated that Arginine might interact with calcium carbonate particles which lead to a positively charged particle surface. These particles can bind to the negatively charged dentin and occlude open dentin tubuli. Toothpastes containing HAP have been marketed and found to decrease DH efficiently clinically[34,35,36,37]
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