In vitro antiplasmodial activity of marine sponge Clathria vulpina extract against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum

Abstract

ObjectiveTo explore the antiplasmodial potential of marine sponge Clathria vulpina (C. vulpina) against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum). MethodsThe marine sponge C. vulpina was collected from Thondi coast, authenticated and subjected for extraction by soaking in ethanol:water mixture (3:1 ratio). The percentage of extract was calculated. Filter sterilized extracts (100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 μg/mL) were screened for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine sensitive P. falciparum. The extract was also tested for its hemolytic activity. ResultsThe percentage yield of extract of C. vulpina was found to be 4.8%. The crude extract of C. vulpina showed excellent antiplasmodial activity (IC50=14.75 μg/mL) which was highly comparable to the positive control chloroquine (IC50=7 μg/mL). Statistical analysis reveals that the significant antiplasmodial activity (P<0.05) was observed between the concentrations and the time of exposure. The chemical injury to erythrocytes was also carried out, which showed that there were no morphological changes in erythrocytes by the ethanolic extracts of sponges after 48 h of incubation. The extract showed slight hemolytic activity which almost equal to chloroquine at 100 μg/mL concentration (1.023%). ConclusionsThe marine sponge C. vulpina can be used as a putative antiplasmodial drug after completing successful clinical trials.