Abstract
BackgroundLactuca sativa is an edible plant commonly used by local communities to manage diabetes and stomach problems.MethodsThis work aimed to investigate the anti-oxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic and Anti-Alzheimer effects of hydroponically (HyL) and soil-grown (SoL) Lactuca sativa. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes and AlCl3-induced Alzheimer’s disease model was used to evaluate the medicinal effects of Lactuca sativa.ResultsHyL showed significant activity in lipid peroxidation assay, DPPH and DNA protection assay, while SoL extract showed moderated activity, respectively. A similar activity response was quantified for α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition assays. The cytotoxic potential of HyL and SoL extracts against MCF7, and HePG2 cancer cell lines exhibited significant activity. HyL and SoL showed a substantial decrease in blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes-related liver/kidney biomarkers and anti-oxidant enzyme trends moved toward normal after HyL and SoL treatment. In Anti-Alzheimer’s based Morris water and elevated plus maze tests, HyL and SoL displayed memory-enhancing response and anti-anxiety behaviour, respectively. HPLC quantification of dopamine and serotonin revealed a moderate but significant (p<0.05) increase in the level of these neurotransmitters in HyL and SoL groups.ConclusionOverall, the study revealed that hydroponic Lactuca sativa possesses the therapeutic potential to treat diseases like Alzheimer’s and diabetes.
Highlights
Diabetes, known as a metabolic disorder, is the insensitivity or deficiency of insulin [1]
This study indicated that L. sativa extracts strongly inhibit the expression of COX2, TNF-α and IL-6, which are the inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory transcription factor, P65 NF-ҡB translocation in J774A.1 macrophage cell line [24]
In vitro assessment Phytochemical and anti‐oxidant contents Total phenolic contents (TPC) and Total flavonoid contents (TFC) are presented in Fig. 1 as mg of Gallic acid and Quercetin equivalents per 1 g of plant dry weight, respectively
Summary
Known as a metabolic disorder, is the insensitivity or deficiency of insulin [1]. Prolonged diabetic impairments may lead to secondary complications. Alzheimer’s disease with diabetes [2, 3]. It is proposed that diabetes induces changes in glucose metabolism, vascular structure, function and insulin signalling. Numerous epidemiological evidence suggests that diabetes is associated with cognitive impairment [4]. This association promotes the resistance of insulin, signalling of insulin growth factor (IGF), oxidative stress, neurofibrillary tangle formation, amyloid-beta Aβ formation and regulation of acetylcholine esterase activity [2]. Lactuca sativa is an edible plant commonly used by local communities to manage diabetes and stomach problems
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