In Utero Sonographic Findings of Giant Hepatic Hemangioma and Associated Perinatal Complications: A Report of Two Cases

Abstract

It is uncommon to diagnose fetal hepatic hemangioma during the antenatal period. We describe herein two patients with a giant hepatic hemangioma detected antenatally, both with perinatal complications. In Case 1, a fetal intra-abdominal mass, measuring 63 mm × 50 mm × 74 mm, was observed below the right lobe of the liver, and the presumptive antenatal diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma was made at 37 weeks of gestation. Antenatal imaging suggested an intratumoral hemorrhage, but postnatal clinical findings refuted this diagnosis. However, progressive thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy were noted just after birth, resulting in the diagnosis of Kasabach–Merritt syndrome. In Case 2, our ultrasound examination performed at 40 weeks of gestation revealed a mixed solid and cystic hepatic tumor, measuring 99 mm × 54 mm. Further, antenatal sonography revealed cardiomegaly, increased descending-aorta velocity, atrioventricular valvular regurgitation, and a dilated inferior vena cava, suggesting high-output cardiac insufficiency. Giant hepatic hemangiomas can lead to severe complications such as cardiac insufficiency and Kasabach–Merritt syndrome, and these complications may occur during the fetal or early neonatal period. Detailed prenatal evaluation using fetal imaging and cord-blood sampling is important to determine proper antenatal management of patients with giant hepatic hemangiomas and to allow for prompt postnatal treatment.