In the Context of the 1880 Ankara Provincial Report: The Administrative, Economic, and Social Dynamics of the City of Ankara

While interest in land use in the prehistoric periods in Italy has received attention, that cannot be said of the Post-Medieval period. The general view is that all activities and objects from the last 300–500 years or so are so indecipherable from their contemporary counterparts and that there is no need to study them. There is, in fact, very little Post-Medieval archaeological work done in the south of Italy, which is the focus of this paper. The landscape of southern Calabria has changed radically over the centuries. The distribution of dense macchia forests was diminished in the late 18th and 19th centuries for building railroads and ships, and more recently, arson has been used as social or political revenge. The removal of the macchia led to erosional landscapes and the loss of archaeological footprints. This paper explores agricultural practices and forest exploitation in the early 19th and 20th centuries by the citizens of Bova to better understand the social and economic dynamics that continue to influence the lives of people living in the community. It utilizes cadastral records, archival documents from the early 1800–1900s, and spatial analysis to better understand the potential economic and social dynamics in this community. Consideration is also given to how social status and power, represented by Church-owned vs. lay citizen-owned properties, was reflected in local land use. The overall paucity of archaeological materials from this period across the landscape supports and complicates the overall picture while also supporting an interpretation of a very local and insular community poorly integrated into the greater Italian economy of the day.

Migrant entrepreneurship has been acknowledged in the literature to be a dynamic and diffused phenomenon that characterizes local systems within European countries in the form of ethnic economies. The aim of the paper is to investigate the phenomenon of ethnic quasi-enclave industrial sub-clusters within industrial districts and to analyse social capital within the economic and social dynamics. The interpretative framework adapts the mixed-embeddedness approach to a case study of Wenzhounese migrant socioeconomic quasi-enclave leather industrial sub-clusters located adjacent to the industrial district area of Florence (Italy). Given the complexity of the phenomenon, the research study adopted a mixed-method approach. The qualitative methods included a one-year observational analysis, in-depth interviews conducted with key stakeholders and life-course interviews conducted with migrant Wenzhounese entrepreneurs. Structured interviews were conducted with multiple micro-entrepreneurs and their households to conduct a multiple-case study analysis and social network analysis. Both were based on data collected via a survey administered to a random sample of enterprises. This analysis contributes to the existing literature on migrant enterprises and communities within industrial clusters in Italy, adding new evidence related to ethnic entrepreneurship and the importance of social capital in the social and economic dynamics that influence micro entrepreneurs and their community.

Companies face new challenges needing to find ways to stand out from the competitors. All companies face new projects, which need to be managed assertively and faster, launching new products on the market ahead of competitors. This strategy requires enormous dexterity and agility within teams, which are increasingly multifaceted, multidisciplinary, and multifunctional. However, teams need to conciliate apparent freedom for creation with the sustainability rules, which are increasingly demanding, such as legislation and image that companies want to pass on to the market in terms of corporate social responsibility, ensuring a sustainable development of the companies. The goal of this work is to investigate and correlate agile project management and sustainability, taking into account that there are strong relationships, as well as to learn how agile project management affects organization's social, environmental, and economical dynamics from the triple bottom line standpoint. The research examines how agile project management ideas are connected to the triple bottom line concepts based on the literature. The framework was based on the theoretical assumptions underpinning the present research. The basic structure of the developed framework is based on the framework of a matrix‐based method for ordering and synthesizing data. Thus, network diagrams have been developed reproducing the links existing in the literature, both explicitly and implicitly. However, they were deeply expanded considering links not previously referred in the literature. An explanation about these new links is also provided, justifying their inclusion. Hence, the new diagrams offer a more complete landscape about how the adoption of agile practices in project management can improve sustainability in its different aspects, and vice‐versa. The findings reveal that implementing agile project management induces direct effects on an organization's social, economic, and environmental dynamics of the companies, as well as in their teams, with a favorable effect on all of them.

The objective of the research is to analyze the commercial activity and the exchange of products on the border, analyzing the economic dynamics and the strategic role of commercial exchange in the cities of Desaguadero, a similar name for both border cities of Peru and Bolivia. The method used is qualitative, using in-depth interviews and direct observation as a research technique, which allowed us to analyze the strategies of exchange, commercial interactions and their impact on the economic life of local families in both countries. The results reveal how cross-border trade exchange contributes to the complementarity of the family economy in the region, boosting the economic dynamics of adjacent rural communities. However, the vast majority of products do not pass-through customs regulations, being classified as contraband. This trade is rooted in a tradition of commercial exchange that dates back to before the formation of Peru and Bolivia as independent countries. In conclusion, the complementarity observed in consumption and production patterns between Peru and Bolivia in this region underlines the importance of the cities of Desaguadero as a vital axis for the economic sustainability of rural communities along the border, strengthening family economies and promoting regional economic development.

In recent years, social and economic development has been taking place in Russian regions amidst efforts to counter the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the growing geopolitical confrontation between Russia and the West. This article aims to analyse the general and specific features in the development of the Kaliningrad semi-exclave between 2017 and 2022 while considering the territory’s spatial heterogeneity. By employing a multi-scale approach and utilising data from Rosstat and Kaliningradstat, an evaluation is carried out of the economic and social dynamics of the region’s municipalities and the region as a whole, compared to the country’s similar territories. It is concluded that the region’s high economic openness and reliance on imports and transit in various industries had a distinctly negative effect on its development. In 2020, the major aggravating factor was the substantial proportion of ‘simple’ services in the structure of the economy, while in 2022, the ban on the imports of certain types of products into developed countries, particularly those of the metal industry, exacerbated the situation. Local gradients were predominately accounted for by the level of cross-border interactions and the specialisation of municipal economies. In different years, districts at risk included coastal ones catering for the demand from tourists and migrants and those specialising in the metal industry, meat and fish processing and furniture production. In general, the region’s social dynamics show a less dramatic decline than the economic dynamics, primarily due to the distribution of social payments to the population. While intended to support the population in the most economically affected areas, these measures did not yield a positive impact on the income convergence among the region’s municipalities.

This paper examines the structure and driving forces behind early central places in southern Scandinavia during the 1st millennium AD, with a particular focus on Gudme and Sorte Muld. It argues that these sites represent large, complex settlement clusters that differ significantly from typical Iron Age settlements and can be understood within the framework of low-density urbanism. The study explores how these “1st-generation” central places developed rapidly between the 2nd and 6th centuries AD, characterized by clusters of farmsteads surrounding monumental core areas with evidence of craft production, trade, and long-distance connections. Unlike later, more standardized “2nd-generation” centres, these early sites were spatially extensive, economically dynamic, and socially complex. A key argument of the paper is that religious activity played a central role in the emergence and growth of these settlements. Ritual practices, sanctuaries, and periodic gatherings likely attracted large numbers of people, fostering economic exchange, social interaction, and the accumulation of wealth. In this sense, religion functioned as a primary catalyst for the development of these proto-urban environments. The decline of these centres in the 6th and 7th centuries is interpreted as the result of broader social, economic, and environmental changes, including the weakening of long-distance networks, climatic crises, and shifts in religious practices associated with the spread of Christianity. As a result, the earlier large settlement clusters lost their central roles and were replaced by new types of political and economic centres. Overall, the paper contributes to a re-evaluation of early Scandinavian central places by framing them as transient, low-density urban systems shaped by religious, economic, and social dynamics, rather than as linear precursors to later urban development.

The field of “business for peace” recognizes the role that businesses can play in peacebuilding. However, like much of the discussion concerning business in conflict zones, it has prioritized the view of multinationals, often overlooking the role of indigenous local firms. The economic, social, and intergroup dynamics experienced by local businesses in conflict zones are understudied, with the current paper beginning by positioning micro- and small enterprises (MSEs) in the peacebuilding debate, then engaging with multidisciplinary works to understand how they foster peace. Through a case study set in north Lebanon, we conducted semi-structured interviews with twenty-three MSE owners in one industry who operate across sectarian divisions and with recently displaced Syrian refugees. Our findings indicate that local business activity can simultaneously promote peace and foster conflict, with peacebuilding improved when intergroup differences are reduced within the operating environment. Furthermore, the importance of economic development was elevated for local businesses, suggesting that peace through mechanisms such as social development, the rule of law, and training, is only achieved if economic needs are alleviated through these measures. We conclude by citing how contextual factors in conflict zones can enhance intergroup differences, and how resolving such factors can promote peacebuilding, with further empirical work needed in this area.

This research paper presents a comparative analysis of social and economic dynamics, focusing on the Varna and Ashrama systems in ancient India and Adam Smith’s theory of the division of labor. Delving into the principles of the ancient Indian systems, namely Varna and Ashrama, the study examines their influence on social structures, labor allocation, and economic roles. Simultaneously, it explores Adam Smith’s influential theory on the division of labor during the Enlightenment era, emphasizing its conceptualization and implications for economic development. By comparing these distinct frameworks, the research seeks to unveil commonalities, disparities, and the enduring impact of these historical systems on societal organization, economic efficiency, and individual contributions. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the paper contributes to a nuanced understanding of the historical roots of economic philosophies and their implications for social and economic dynamics.

The concept of resilience implies uncertainty and the ability to adapt to unexpected changes. Projects in cities that require long periods of time and extensive budgets, which include large parks, need resilience to flexibly cope with political, economic, social, and physical changes. The concept of resilience emerged from the design of large parks in the early 2000s and has continued in more recent urban design competitions, but there is still a lack of research on specific planning strategies in the literature. This paper aims to interpret the process of creating a large park and to explore the strategies needed for a resilient process by examining the first national urban park being planned in Seoul, Korea as an example. After discussions began in 1990 and the General Basic Plan was established in 2011, the winning design was announced through an international design competition in 2012. Although the park master plan was considered complete as of 2018, its progress seems unclear because of various changes in the surrounding urban planning and political and economic conditions. This study intends to examine the processes that have already been executed and to assist in setting the future direction of the project. Through the framework derived from prior research on the concept of resilience, this project’s process is examined and analyzed in six main categories: park infrastructure, social dynamics, economic dynamics, health and well-being, governance networks, and planning and institutions. The results show that the categories park infrastructure, health and well-being, and planning and institutions are consistent with the resilience planning strategy to some degree, but social dynamics, economic dynamics, and governance networks are unsatisfactory. From a resilience perspective, a holistic approach to designing the process is most important in planning a large park, beginning from the conceptual stage through to the long-term implementation phase. An integrative process should aim to incorporate specialized knowledge and experiences from a variety of fields, not to resolve single aspects in a piecemeal fashion. This study aims to provide a practical link between large-scale park projects and the concept of resilience for the future.

A framework of index system for gauging the sustainability of iranian provinces by fusing analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and rough set theory (RST)

Nowadays, in the context of a complex fragility that radically transforms the economic habitat, the cyclical evolution of the economy is governed by new rules and constraints that transcend the economic area and increasingly interfere with the socio-cultural features of life. In this context, the aim of this paper is to outline the conceptual domain of a new insight into the relationship between social and economic dimensions of life by summarizing and integrating two of the main groundbreaking and inspirational streams of thought—social trust and economic dynamics. To do so, we developed theoretical syntheses of the most important contributions documenting the nature of trust and business cycle; then, the much more recent ”niche” of the influence between them was placed under conceptual discussion. One of the more significant findings to emerge from this study is that the nature of the relationship between social trust and economic dynamics is still minimally explored and understood, and the research conducted thus far is mainly positioned in a macroeconomic perspective, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches that still leave many questions unanswered. However, the lack of a deep understanding of these influences launches new challenges for theoretical developments and creates the framework for an integrative understanding. These new insights can support more rigorous studies whose results could be of utmost importance for business organizations in addressing the problem of business sustainability, but also for economic decision-makers. At the macro level, economic crises are influencing the income distribution and are expected to exacerbate poverty, thus affecting progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 01 (No poverty).

Lack of sanitation facilities is a common occurrence in informal settlements that are common in most developing countries. One challenge with sanitation provision in these settlements is the cost and financing of sanitation. This study aimed at estimating the cost of sanitation, and investigating the social and economic dynamics within Kisumu’s informal settlements that hinder provision and uptake of sanitation facilities. Primary data was collected from residents of the settlements, and using logistic and hedonic regression analysis, we identify characteristics of residents with sanitation facilities, and estimate the cost of sanitation as revealed in rental prices. Our study finds that sanitation constitutes approximately 54% of the rent paid in the settlements; and dynamics such as landlords and tenants preferences, and sharing of sanitation facilities influence provision and payment for sanitation. This study contributes to general development by estimating the cost of sanitation, and further identifies barriers and opportunities for improvement including the interplay between landlords and tenants. Provision of sanitation in informal settlements is intertwined in social and economic dynamics, and development approaches should target both landlords and tenants, while also engaging various stakeholders to work together to identify affordable and appropriate sanitation technologies.

Given the pandemic situation generated by Covid-19, it’s necessary to rethink the lifestyle of society and its quality of life around public and urban spaces, researching in 2019 mobility Bogotá survey’s; on average, they record trips is 14,069 of foot trips, between 10 and 20 minutes according to the travel patterns in the distinctive transport analysis areas at the zonal planning unit Chapinero Centro in the city of Bogotá. In spite of having great social and economic dynamics, this UPZ has very small platforms that make it difficult to comply with social distancing, necessary to mitigate the Coronavirus pandemic. For this reason, this article carried out a geographical analysis of this area, using the data provided by the vulnerability map of the Coronavirus website in Colombia of the Departamento Nacional de Planeación, the Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud and the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. This geographical analysis allowed calculating the variables of the population indicator per block, the maximum population per platform and the criterion of compliance with social distance. These variables allowed designing the vulnerability and social distancing maps. It was evident that 37% of the platforms do not comply the 2-meter distance between people, so it was Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, rethinking lifestyle and quality of life through the appropriate use of public space is necessary. This study aims to verify the measures of social distancing in Chapinero Centro, which, according to the mobility survey 2019 of Bogota, has an average of 4,633 trips on foot between 10 and 20 minutes according to the travel patterns in the areas of transportation analysis studied. Despite having great social and economic dynamics, this area has small sidewalks that hinder compliance with social distancing, which is necessary to mitigate the coronavirus pandemic. Therefore, geographic analysis of this area was performed using data provided by the vulnerability map of the Coronavirus web in Colombia by the National Planning Department, the Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and the National Administrative Department of Statistics. This geographic analysis made it possible to calculate the variables of population indicator per block, maximum population per sidewalk, and the criterion of compliance with social distancing. When developing the vulnerability and social distancing maps, it became evident that 37% of the sidewalks do not comply with the 2 meters of social distancing between people, so we propose extending them to 3.5 meters and reducing this same value in the vehicular space to design an effective social distancing map. We concluded that the widening of the sidewalks allows flexible use of the streets oriented to a healthy distance, which could be complemented with an accessibility study and a study of vehicular traffic to measure the impact of this intervention.

Socio-technical research draws from the rich theoretical and applied literature that addresses the influence of technology on society and the social shaping of technology. Network-centric approaches are particularly well suited for examining the social and technical dimensions of IT-enabled communication, such as those that occur via email, the Internet, intranets, electronic journals, and other collaborative communication technologies. A social network is a set of people, including organizations, connected by a set of social relationships. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are increasingly integral to these networks. A sociotechnical network includes the technologies that sustain human interaction, and the technologies that people construct and use in collaboration. In socio-technical networks, the social and the technical are essentially inseparable and co-constitutive. The dynamics of these socio-technical networks are known to play a critical role in a number of diverse transformations, such as those that diffuse knowledge, invention and innovation from university scientists to industry entrepreneurs (and vice-versa.) Informational environments also constrain and enable collaborative interactions in such settings, and may attenuate or amplify the influence of ICTs. Researching the use of digital documents is an interesting way to engage the issues that surround the technical, geographic, social and economic dynamics that influence communications and collaborations within and among geographically and organizationally dispersed communities-of-practice. A focus on the use of these potentially malleable technologies may reveal more clearly how networked communities and informational environments differentially shape ICTs. This mini-track focuses attention on the use of networked information and communication technologies such as multimedia communication systems, remote sensing instruments, intranets and email, within and among communities-of-practice, such as research scientists, industrial researchers, consultants, and policy-setting groups. Our goal is to bring together researchers who are interested in the technical, geographic, social and economic dynamics that influence communications and collaborations among colleagues both within a community and across communities. We expect this research to raise

The present dissertation is devoted to examining how the criminalization of poverty occurs in Brazil and the reasons of this phenomenon, especially when it comes to the marginalized youth. Thus, it seeks to verify the criminalization process of this collective, as well as a solution to the challenge posed by a State structure that does not allow the equalization of the social and economic dynamics and even less the inclusion of all citizens within the social dynamic. Thus, this structure adopts incarceration as the most effective solution to cope with the socially rejected that floats around the other citizens and their daily affairs.