Abstract
Sustainable antibacterial–antioxidant films were prepared using in situ graftings of silica nanoparticle (SNP) precursors with covalently attached bioactive agents benzoic acid (ba) or curcumin (cur) on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The modified PVA-SNP, PVA-SNP-ba and PVA-SNP-cur films were characterized using spectroscopic, physicochemical and microscopic methods. The prepared films showed excellent antibacterial and antioxidant activity, and increased hydrophobicity providing protection from undesired moisture. The PVA-SNP-ba films completely prevented the growth of the foodborne human pathogen Listeria innocua, whereas PVA-SNP-cur resulted in a 2.5 log reduction of this bacteria. The PVA-SNP-cur and PVA-SNP-ba films showed high antioxidant activity of 15.9 and 14.7 Mm/g TEAC, respectively. The described approach can serve as a generic platform for the formation of PVA-based packaging materials with tailor-made activity tuned by active substituents on silica precursors. Application of such biodegradable films bearing safe bioactive agents can be particularly valuable for advanced sustainable packaging materials in food and medicine.
Highlights
Advanced packaging materials have recently become a subject of great scientific and applied interest [1,2,3]
The following analytical-grade chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Israel) and were used as received: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) white to off-white powder (Mw 89,000–98,000, 99+% hydrolyzed), curcumin, benzoic acid, 1,1 -carbonyldiimidazole, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) (99.999% purity), Trolox [(±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid] (97% purity) and 28% (v/v) aqueous NH4OH (99.99% purity). (3-Isocyanatopropyl)triethoxy silane, triethylamine, and (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA)
PVA-silica nanoparticle (SNP) films that contained bare SNPs were formed with TEOS using the sol–gel method (Figure 1)
Summary
Advanced packaging materials have recently become a subject of great scientific and applied interest [1,2,3]. Materials capable of oxygen scavenging, moisture absorption, carbon dioxide control, antimicrobial protection, ethylene absorption and neutralization of off-flavors are in high demand [1,2,3,4]. Oxidative processes can cause qualitative damage, affecting the color, flavor and structure of the packed products, and can convert their beneficial active components to inefficient or even harmful compounds [5,6,7]. The most common solution to these problems is the addition of oxygen scavengers, metal oxides, melanin and nature-sourced antioxidants to the packaging materials [8,9]. Utilizing nature-sourced bioactive materials such as phosvitin with gallic acid [16] or exopolysaccharides of L. actobacillus plantarum [17] were reported to extend food shelf life
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