Abstract
The present paper is aimed at studying the in-plane shear response of a flax fiber - epoxy resin composite laminate. Rectangular specimens, with �45� laminate orientation with respect to loading direction were used for the experimental procedure. Tensile testing up to failure allowed to extract the shear strain-shear stress curve, which have shown a linear domain, up to approximately 25 MPa, where a shear modulus was calculated, of 1.67 GPa and a Poisson ratio of 0.7, value which is typical for off axis laminates. Strain measurement during these tests, using Digital Image Correlation, have shown that, at high stress levels, concentrators occur in the specimen in the region of failure. Repeated loading tests have shown that the material stiffens approximately 9% when increasing loading speed, leading to conclude that a viscoelastic component of the deformation is present during loading. Repeated creep-recovery tests showed that, for longer periods of time, viscoplastic deformations appear as well, with an exponential evolution with respect to the creep duration.
Highlights
Nowadays, society is seeing a pronounced shift in perspective, towards low emission technologies [1, 2], a shift that is making a mark in all areas of the industry
Due to the layer layup, at ±45° and symmetrical to a middle plane, shear strain is equal to the difference between the two, Eq (1) and shear stress is equal to the force divided by the double of the cross-section area, Eq (2)
Image data collected during the tensile testing through the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) equipment was processed with
Summary
Society is seeing a pronounced shift in perspective, towards low emission technologies [1, 2], a shift that is making a mark in all areas of the industry. For the composite materials field, it is entraining the search for alternatives to the current popular options, such as carbon and glass fiber reinforcements, which are the most common reinforcements for laminate composites. The flax plant has a long tradition of cultivation in Europe, making it an accessible local source of raw materials [6] on the continent, especially in the temperate to cold regions. Current fiber reinforced composites present a difficulty in the end-of-life cycle, pyrolysis having been proven to be the only viable method of disposal or recycling [7], a solution which alters the reinforcement fiber’s mechanical properties.These arguments fuel the research for green sourced materials, with flax fiber reinforced composites, currently being on the forefront
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