In-hospital moderate intensity interval training following surgical resection of foregut malignancy – a prospective single arm feasibility study

In the modern scientific age, sportsmen are being trained using highly sophisticated means for better achievement in their concerned sport. They are being exposed to the exercise and training methods which have proved beneficial for achieving high standards. The training programmes for sports are to be designed that they may favorably affect the physical and physiological variables associated with high performance capacity in that sport. The study was formulated as a true random group design. The subjects (n=30) were randomly assigned to three equal group of ten women each. The college women students of Alagappa College of Physical Education Karaikudi. They were divided into three equal groups namely Control Group (Group I) Intensive interval training (Group II) Extensive interval training (Group III). The subjects were tested in order to find out speed, Explosive power, Pulse rate, Breath holding time. The experimental group participated in intensive and extensive interval training for the period of six weeks. Dependent variables are Motor Ability Components (Speed, Explosive Power), Physiological Variables (Pulse rate, Breath holding time). Independent variables are Intensive interval training and Extensive Interval training. The pre and post test design employing ANCOVA technique was adopted. Intensive and Extensive interval training equally improved for the following factors of motor ability components namely speed, explosive power. The six weeks of Intensive and extensive interval training might be significant improvement in speed, and explosive power, among the college women students. Intensive and extensive interval training equally improve for the following factors of physiological variables. The intensive and extensive interval training might be significant improvement of physiological variable resting pulse rate breath holding time among college women student.

Background: This research aimed to investigate the effect of resistance and high-intense interval training and the consumption of grape seed oil on the expression of HADHA, CPT1, and CD36 genes in male rats' gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats (250 ± 25g) were divided into six groups. The resistance training group performed the training in 3 weekly sessions for 8 weeks, and the interval training group performed high-intensity running on a treadmill for eight weeks, 5 sessions a week. The grape seed oil (3.7g/kg) was administered by gavage. The expression of HADH1, CPT1, and CD36 genes was measured in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Results: The results showed that the expression of the CD36 gene increased in the gastrocnemius muscle in the resistance training group (P = 0.043), grape seed oil group (P = 0.042), and grape seed oil plus intense interval training (P = 0.005) group compared to the saline control group. Moreover, the expression of CD36 (P = 0.021) and CPT1 (P = 0.005) genes in the soleus muscle increased in the resistance training plus grape seed oil group compared to the control group. However, the CPT1 expression in the gastrocnemius muscle had no significant difference among all groups. The HADHA expression in the gastrocnemius significantly increased in the resistance training plus grape seed oil group (P = 0.04) compared to the grape seed oil group. However, its expression in the soleus muscle significantly increased in the intense interval training plus grape seed oil group compared to the control group (P = 0.04). Conclusions: It can be concluded that resistance, high-intensity interval training, and the consumption of grape seed oil can be a good combination to provide energy.

We reported that intensive interval training during 20 days of unloading prevented atrophy of the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscles. However, this training was not effective to attenuate a decrease of maximum muscle strength. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of intensive interval and resistance training on size and function of human skeletal muscle during 20 days of unilateral lower limb unloading. METHODS: Twelve healthy men participated in this study and were divided into two groups: unloading with training (Tr group, n = 6) and unloading only (UL group, n = 6). Both groups underwent lower limb unloading of the left leg for 20 days. Exercise training consisted of an interval exercise protocol of 2- to 3-min intervals alternating between 40% and 80% of peak oxygen uptake and a dynamic leg press protocol of 4 sets of 10 repetitions with 70% one-repetition maximum (1RM) with the unloaded leg on every other days during the experimental period. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) during isometric knee extension and 1RM during dynamic leg press was measured. Anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the thighs was taken to calculate volume of the QF muscles. Muscle functional MRI (spin-echo, TR/TE 2000/30, 60 msec) of the QF muscles was obtained during submaximal dynamic knee extension exercise (5 sets of 10 repetitions) at a load of 33%MVC. RESULTS: MVC in the Tr (532 ± 178 N to 453 ± 132 N; -14%, P < 0.05) and UL (495 ± 167 N to 394 ± 114 N; -19%, P < 0.05) groups significantly decreased after unloading. 1 RM during leg press for the Tr group significantly increased (138 ± 33 kg to 152 ± 39 kg; 10%, P < 0.05); while in the UL group significant decreased (141 ± 38 kg to 115 ± 32 kg; -18%, P < 0.05). The volume of the QF muscles in the unloading leg in the Tr group did not change after unloading (2472 ± 279 cm3 to 2470 ± 253 cm3, 0%, N.S.); while, that in the UL group significantly decreased (2252 ± 450 cm3 to 2111 ± 452 cm3, -6%, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in muscle functional MRI between Tr group and UL groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that intensive interval and resistance training during 20 days of unloading was effective for prevention of muscle strength and atrophy. Supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Grant #17300207.

زمینه و هدف: افزایش عوامل التهابی متعاقب چاقی از دلایل اصلی مرگ‌ومیر است. اگرچه نقش تمرینات ورزشی، محدودیت کالریک و مکمل‌های ضداکسایشی در این زمینه گزارش شده است، اثر همزمان هر سه مداخله مورد توجه پژوهشگران زیادی است. ازاین‌رو هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر هشت هفته تمرین تناوبی شدید، محدودیت کالری و مکمل اسپرولینا بر عوامل التهابی در بافت قلب موش‌های صحرایی تحت رژیم غذای پرچرب بود.مواد و روش‌ها: 45 سر موش صحرایی نر چاق‌شده با رژیم غذایی (60 درصد چربی، 20 درصد پروتئین و 20 درصد کربوهیدرات) به‌طور تصادفی در گروه‌های 1. رژیم غذایی با کالری بالا (HFD)، 2. مکمل اسپرولینا (Sp)، 3. محدودیت کالریک (CR)، 4. تمرینات تناوبی شدید (HIIT)، 5. مکمل اسپرولینا - تمرینات تناوبی شدید (HIIT+Sp)، 6. تمرینات تناوبی شدید - محدودیت کالریک (HIIT+CR)، 7. مکمل اسپرولینا - محدودیت کالریک (CR+Sp)، 8. تمرینات تناوبی شدید - محدودیت کالریک - مکمل اسپرولینا (HIIT+CR+Sp)، قرار داده شدند. همچنین پنج سر موش صحرایی نر سالم برای بررسی آثار رژیم غذایی با کالری بالا بر متغیرهای پژوهش در گروه کنترل سالم قرار گرفتند. تمرینات تناوبی شدید به مدت هشت هفته، سه جلسه در هفته با شدت 80-110درصد بیشینه سرعت دویدن و با 2 تا 8 تناوب با شدت بالا انجام گرفت، مصرف مکمل اسپرولینا به مدت هشت هفته mg/kg/day 100 به‌صورت خوراکی تجویز شد و گروه‌های محدودیت کالریک تنها 60 درصد از غذایی مصرفی در روز قبل را استفاده کردند. به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یکراهه همراه با آزمون تعقیبی توکی استفاده شد (001/0≥P).نتایج: مقادیر P38MAPK، NF-kB و TNF-α در گروه HIIT بیشتر و در گروه CR به‌طور معناداری کمتر از گروه HFD بود (001/0≥P). مقادیر TNF-α در گروه‌های Sp، HIIT+Sp و HIIT+CR به‌طور معناداری کمتر از گروه HFD بود (001/0≥P )؛ مقادیر NF-kB در گروه HIIT+CR به‌طور معناداری کمتر از HFD بود (001/0≥P ). همچنین در گروه HIIT+CR+Sp مقادیر NF-kB، TNF-α به‌طور معناداری کمتر و P38MAPK به‌طور معناداری بیشتر از گروه HFD بود (001/0≥P ).نتیجه‌گیری: به‌نظر می‌رسد محدودیت کالریک و مکمل اسپرولینا به‌تنهایی تأثیر ضدالتهابی دارند، هرچند تأثیر ضدالتهابی محدودیت کالریک تا حدی بیشتر از اسپرولینا و HIIT بود. بنابراین استفاده از این دو مداخله در کنار تمرینات تناوبی شدید بر کاهش عوامل التهابی متعاقب چاقی و اضافه وزن در نمونه‌های حیوانی مطلوب است.

Introduction and aim: Diazinon is an organophosphorus insecticide that causes oxidative stress. However, physical activity and consumption of antioxidants improve the antioxidant status of the body. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high- intensity interval training with silymarin extract on MDA and SOD indices of heart and lung endothelial tissues in male rats exposed to diazinon. Methods: In this experimental study, 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats with a weight range of 150 to 200 grams and an average age of 8 weeks were randomly assigned to 1) control (C), 2) sham (Sh) 3) diazinon. (D) 4) silymarin extract (SL), 5) high- intensity interval training (TH) and 6) high- intensity interval training with silymarin extract (TH+SL) were divided. During 8 weeks, rats in groups 3 to 6 received diazinon 1.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally five days a week. Groups 5 and 6 performed HIIT exercises five times a week, and groups 4 and 6 received 50 mg/kg silymarin extract intraperitoneally five days a week. high- intensity interval training with an intensity of 85% to 110% VO2max and a speed of 15-45 m/min was performed for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene expression were measured in heart and lung endothelial tissues. To analyze the findings, Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance along with Tukey's post hoc test were used in SPSS version 22 software. Also, (P≤0.05) was considered as a significant level. Findings: Diazinon had a significant effect on the increase of MDA and decrease of SOD in heart and lung endothelial tissues (P&lt;0.05). However, HIIT exercise and consumption of silymarin each alone lead to a decrease in MDA levels and an increase in SOD in heart tissues. and lung endothelial of the poisoned mice (P&lt;0.05). Meanwhile, both HIIT exercise interventions with silymarin had a greater effect on reducing MDA and increasing SOD in heart and lung endothelial tissues of rats exposed to diazinon (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: It seems that regular HIIT exercises and consumption of silymarin each alone and the interaction of the two together can cause a decrease in oxidative indices and an increase in antioxidants in heart and lung endothelial tissues caused by diazinon poisoning.

The higher the better? Interval training intensity in coronary heart disease

Baseball itself is a new sport. In the process of training, teachers often use traditional training methods, which leads to unsatisfactory training results. High-intensity intermittent and intensive interval training can better improve the efficiency of athletes' oxidation and energy supply and ultimately play a positive role in improving athletes' performance. This paper takes the influence of high-intensity and intensive interval training on the special endurance of baseball players as the research object. A series of functional training programs are developed through adaptive training, testing, coordination training, and recovery training. Through the use of experimental means to understand the influence of high-intensity interval training and intensive interval training on the physical fitness of baseball players, the paper is aimed at providing ways and means to improve the physical fitness level of baseball players in the future. Based on the experimental test data, functional training is different from traditional training methods to make up for the lack of training research. It is to improve the competitive ability of our baseball players and promote the development of our baseball. It plays an active role in improving the specific endurance, speed, and intermittent endurance of baseball players.

Physiological adaptations and performance enhancement with combined blood flow restricted and interval training: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

The Progressive Specific Taekwondo Test (PSTT) is used to determine indicators of aerobic capacity (heart rate deflection point [HRDP] and kick frequency at the HRDP [KFDP]) useful for prescribing sport-specific training. The aim of this study was to prescribe a sport-specific interval training (IT) session at the KFDP, identified during the PSTT, and to investigate HR response and muscle power performance. Thirteen taekwondo athletes of national and international level (mean ± SD: age: 17.6 ± 2.7 years) voluntarily participated in the study. In two experimental sessions, athletes performed: the PSTT to identify HRDP and KFDP; a sport-specific IT at the KFDP, using the technical action of bandal-chagi (3 rounds × 2 min/1 min of recovery in-between). During each round of the IT, the HR was recorded to identify the HRROUND. Before and after each round of the IT, muscle power performance was assessed through three countermovement jump (CMJ) tests. HRROUND was significantly correlated with HRDP (r = 0.774-0.789; p < 0.01). During round 1, HRROUND was significantly lower (p = 0.008) than HRDP. In rounds 2 and 3, there were no difference (p = 0.067 and p = 0.653, respectively) between HRROUND and HRDP. No difference was observed between pre- and post-IT CMJ performance (p = 0.210). Post-IT CMJ performance was significantly greater (p = 0.009) than that in the interval between rounds 1 and 2. During the IT rounds, expected HR responses emerged and muscle power performance was not compromised. Thus, these results support the use of PSTT-derived HRDP and KFDP as practical, sport-specific indicators for tailoring IT intensity in taekwondo athletes.

Effect of continuous and interval aerobic exercise training on baroreflex sensitivity in heart failure.

Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training in De Novo Heart Transplant Recipients - 3-year Results from the HITTS Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of high- intensity interval training on tissue changes of collagen type 1 and fibrosis percent in male rats with myocardial infarction

To compare the effects of three 7-week interval training programs varying in work period duration but matched for effort in trained recreational cyclists. Thirty-five cyclists (29 male, 6 female, VO(2peak) 52 ± 6 mL kg/min) were randomized to four training groups with equivalent training the previous 2 months (∼6 h/wk, ∼1.5 int. session/wk). Low only (n=8) trained 4-6 sessions/wk at a low-intensity. Three groups (n=9 each) trained 2 sessions/wk × 7 wk: 4 × 4 min, 4 × 8 min, or 4 × 16 min, plus 2-3 weekly low-intensity bouts. Interval sessions were prescribed at the maximal tolerable intensity. Interval training was performed at 88 ± 2, 90 ± 2, and 94 ± 2% of HR(peak) and 4.9, 9.6, and 13.2 mmol/L blood lactate in 4 × 16, 4 × 8, and 4 × 4 min groups, respectively (both P<0.001). 4 × 8 min training induced greater overall gains in VO(2) peak, power@VO(2) peak, and power@4 mM bLa- (Mean ± 95%CI): 11.4 (8.0-14.9), vs 4.2 (0.4-8.0), 5.6 (2.1-9.1), and 5.5% (2.0-9.0) in Low, 4 × 16, and 4 × 4 min groups, respectively (P<0.02 for 4 × 8 min vs all other groups). Interval training intensity and accumulated duration interact to influence the adaptive response. Accumulating 32 min of work at 90% HR max induces greater adaptive gains than accumulating 16 min of work at ∼95% HR max despite lower RPE.

Background: The expression of microRNAs as epigenetic regulators of lipid metabolism pathways disrupt in obese condition, in this regard miR-33b has particular importance. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of eight-week high- intensity interval training (HIIT) alone and combined with resistance training (CHRT) on miR-33b expression in overweight/ obese middle-aged women. Methods: Twenty-four middle-aged overweight/obese women participated in two homogeneous HIIT (5 days/week, n=12) and CHRT (3 day/week HIIT with 2 day/week resistance training, n=12) groups for eight-week. The HIIT protocol consisted of alternating bouts of high-intensity exercise at 80%–85% of VO2max with active breaks at 60% of VO2max and resistance training protocol conducted to circuit-weight training with 75-80% of 1-RM. MiR-33b expression levels were measured by real time- PCR 48h before and after the training protocols. Results: The miR-33b expression levels were increased in both groups but was significant only in the CHRT group (6.02 fold, p=0.002). However, there was no significant difference between miR-33b expression levels in two groups. Conclusion: According to significant effect of CHRT on miR-33b expression as epigenetic lipid metabolism indicator, CHRT protocol can be considered as a non-pharmacological method for treatment of metabolic disorders associated with obesity.

Background: MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate different biological processes through regulating the expression of different genes and the miR-16 is one of the miRNAs that play an important role in obesity-related disorders. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of high- intensity interval training (HIIT) alone and combined with resistance training (CHRT) on miR-16 expression in PBMCs of overweight/ obese middle-aged women. Methods: Twenty-four overweight/obese, inactive, health middle-aged women participated in two homogeneous groups HIIT (5 bouts of running at 80%–85% of VO2max with active breaks at 60% of VO2max, 5 days/week, n=12) and CHRT protocols (3 day/week HIIT with 2 day/week resistance training protocol with 75-80% of 1-RM, n=12) for eight- week. MiR-16 expressions in PBMCs of overweight/obese middle-aged women were measured by real time- PCR before and 48h after the training protocols. Results: Expression of miR-16 increased significantly in the both training protocols (HIIT: 2.32 fold, p=0.001 and CHRT: 4.96, p=0.006). However, there was no significant difference found between training protocols. Conclusion: The eight weeks of HIIT and CHRT training are lead to equally changes in the expression of miR-16, as an anti-inflammatory epigenetic factor, in PBMCs of overweight/obese women.