Abstract
The present study aims to obtain the supported Ti-containing catalyst on a surface of stainless steel foil by low temperature ionic implantation method. The geometrical sizes of the implantation chamber allow one to synthesize composites with the maximum size of 30×30 cm. The shape and size of the catalysts provide an opportunity to use obtained samples for removal of harmful substances from both aqueous solutions and gas mixtures. A quantitative estimation of bond strength of the surface layer of the prepared composites was realized by the use of sclerometric method. It is shown that implantation of titanium ions on stainless steel foil provide significant increase in surface layer mechanical strength. The heat treatment of the sample leads to a decrease in this strength, but its value rests higher than that in initial support (stainless steel). The composition of samples surface and the effect of calcination temperature were determined by XRD, SAXS, SEM, AFM, and XPS. It is shown that after ionic implantation nanoscale layer of the implant on the surface of stainless steel was formed. Presence of titanium oxide, nitride and oxynitride was determined by XPS method. The high photocatalytic activity of this catalyst in the process of neutralizing benzene in aqueous solutions under irradiation with visible light, which significantly exceeds its activity under UV-radiation was shown. Increasing the calcination temperature leads to decreasing the samples activity and can be explained by the influence of the ratio between the nitride, oxynitride, and oxide phases of titanium. Exactly the presence of those phases on the surface explains its high activity in the degradation of benzene in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. Thus, using of the obtained samples in the neutralization of aqueous benzene solutions under visible light irradiation is perspective from ecological point of view.
Highlights
Worldwide industrial revolution in the 21st century brought a wide spectrum of problems, mainly contamination of the water with harmful and waste materials, leading to significant adverse effect on the environment and wildlife
It is possible to claim that the ionic implantation method allows receiving mechanically strong layer of active component on the support surface with strength which is practically not influenced by heat treatment and mechanical deformation
It permits to assume that the formation of an intermediate layer with implant introduced in stainless steel determines the high mechanical strength of the composite
Summary
Worldwide industrial revolution in the 21st century brought a wide spectrum of problems, mainly contamination of the water with harmful and waste materials, leading to significant adverse effect on the environment and wildlife. Nonbiodegradable and undesirable chemicals have negative consequences on health of human and aquatic life [1] Among those chemicals aromatic hydrocarbons (phenol and benzene, ) are the most prevailed contamination entering on the environmental with wastewater of paint and varnish, refinery and chemical-recovery industries [2]. The known methods for benzene recovery provide its precipitation or sorption removal by solid sorbents. This operations lead to an increase of the cost of purification treatment [5]. The use of ТіО2 in the form of fine powder is a technological drawback The use of such form of ТіО2 leads to a problem of spent catalyst removal from the reaction aqueous mixture [12]
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