In Aplysia sensory neurons, the neuropeptide SCP B and serotonin differ in efficacy both in modulating cellular properties and in activating adenylyl cyclase: implications for mechanisms underlying presynaptic facilitation

Abstract

The facilitatory transmitters serotonin (5-HT) and the molluscan neuropeptides SCP A and SCP B both activate adenylyl cyclase in Aplysia mechanosensory neurons and produce multiple modulatory effects that contribute to increasing transmitter release from these cells. This enhancement of transmitter release from sensory neurons contributes to increased behavioral response during sensitization and classical conditioning in Aplysia. Recently, specific examples of modulation in these sensory neurons have been described that are more effectively initiated by 5-HT than by the SCPs. For example, in the present study, 5-HT produces 55% greater broadening of the normal sensory neuron action potential than did SCP B. These differences in the modulatory actions of the facilitatory transmitters have been interpreted as suggesting that 5-HT produces its modulatory effects at least partly via a cAMP-independent mechanism. However, we have found that the two types of facilitatory transmitters are not equally effective in activating adenylyl cyclase. In both whole CNS membranes and sensory neuron membranes, SCP B was less effective than 5-HT in stimulating adenylyl cyclase activity measured in steady state assays. Because electrophysiological experiments suggested that the response to the SCPs desensitizes rapidly, we further compared cyclase stimulation in perfused membrane assays that enable continuous monitoring of cyclase activity; however we observed that 5-HT was also more effective than SCP B in stimulating cyclase at the onset of transmitter exposure. We discuss the possibility that lower peak stimulation of cyclase by SCP B and a faster rate of desensitization could account for some of the differences between the SCPs and 5-HT in modulating sensory neurons.