Abstract
Low-cost carbon-conductive films were screen-printed on a Plexiglas® substrate, and then, after a standard annealing procedure, subjected to femtosecond (fs) laser treatments at different values of total accumulated laser fluence ΦA. Four-point probe measurements showed that, if ΦA > 0.3 kJ/cm2, the sheet resistance of laser-treated films can be reduced down to about 15 Ω/sq, which is a value more than 20% lower than that measured on as-annealed untreated films. Furthermore, as pointed out by a comprehensive Raman spectroscopy analysis, it was found that sheet resistance decreases linearly with ΦA, due to a progressively higher degree of crystallinity and stacking order of the graphitic phase. Results therefore highlight that fs-laser treatment can be profitably used as an additional process for improving the performance of printable carbon electrodes, which have been recently proposed as a valid alternative to metal electrodes for stable and up-scalable perovskite solar cells.
Highlights
IntroductionPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) [1] have been massively investigated in the past few years because of their unique features, e.g., cost-effectiveness and high conversion efficiency
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [1] have been massively investigated in the past few years because of their unique features, e.g., cost-effectiveness and high conversion efficiency (>20% for single-junctionPSCs [2], and ~30% for “hybrid” perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells [3]), which make them very competitive with the conventional silicon-based devices
By a proper choice of the total accumulated laser fluence delivered to the carbon film, it is possible to decrease the sheet resistance by more than 20% with respect to the as-annealed untreated film, demonstrating that fs-laser processing can significantly improve the performance of printable carbon electrodes for PSCs
Summary
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [1] have been massively investigated in the past few years because of their unique features, e.g., cost-effectiveness and high conversion efficiency It is worth mentioning here that noble metal electrodes may affect long-term stability of PSCs: both Au and Ag can react with the halide (iodide) ions in the hybrid perovskite, due to a combined effect of perovskite decomposition and metal migration, contributing significantly to the device degradation process [7,8]. By a proper choice of the total accumulated laser fluence delivered to the carbon film, it is possible to decrease the sheet resistance by more than 20% with respect to the as-annealed untreated film, demonstrating that fs-laser processing can significantly improve the performance of printable carbon electrodes for PSCs
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