Abstract
In order to improve the fire retardancy of wood the eco-friendly method forin situformation of CaCO3deep inside the wood's structure was proposed by the vacuum-pressure impregnation of only one component – water solution of calcium acetoacetate.
Highlights
A novel environmentally friendly method for in situ formation of CaCO3 deep inside a wood’s structure is presented
The method is based on vacuum-pressure impregnation using a one-component treatment medium – a water solution of calcium acetoacetate and a single stage process to significantly improve the fire retardancy of the treated material
The insertion of CaCO3 into the structure of wood has been reported in several studies, using various processing routes: CaCl2 and NaOH with supercritical carbon dioxide;[15] aqueous Na2CO3 solution followed by a CaCl2 solution with added dodecanoic acid;[16] calcium di(methylcarbonate) in methanol, which hydrolyses in the presence of residual moisture from the wood;[17] CaCl2 and NaHCO3;13,18,19 CaCl2 and (NH4)2CO3;20 CaCl2 and Na2CO3;21 and the alkaline hydrolysis of dimethyl carbonate in the presence of calcium ions.[8]
Summary
Improving the flame retardancy of wood using an eco-friendly mineralisation process†. In order to address the issues mentioned above, we here propose a novel approach to improving flame retardancy: an eco-friendly method for the mineralisation of wood using a water solution of calcium acetoacetate (Ca(OAcAc)2) which has been patented in our laboratory.[22] In the presence of water, Ca(OAcAc)[2] transforms to CaCO3, acetone and carbon dioxide.[23,24,25] Under standard laboratory conditions (RT and 50% RH), this reaction is very slow, but the transformation is accelerated as temperature and relative humidity are increased.[23] The impregnation process of the mineralization procedure was conducted at room temperature, following treatment the temperature and relative humidity were increased to ensure that the desired reaction took place only once the impregnation solution had penetrated inside the wood This way the protective compounds become deeply incorporated into the structure of the wood. The presence of a band at 1420 cm−1, representing the ν3 mode, along with the ν2 mode split at 873–850 cm−1, indicate vaterite crystal modification.[32]
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