Abstract
New hollow shell structured lithium trivanadate (LiV3O8) microspheres were synthesized by a spray drying method, and the effect of a vapor-phase-polypyrrole coating on the surface of this active material was studied. A thin and uniform coating layer could form by a simple vapor-phase-polymerization (VPP) method. The polypyrrole coating layer not only compensates for the low conductivity of the active material but also prevents its direct contact with the electrolyte and reduces vanadium dissolution. The LiV3O8 morphology and presence of the coating layer were confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance was analyzed using a battery testing system and impedance spectroscopy. The cycle performance of the Li-powder/polypyrrole-VPP-coated hollow shell LiV3O8 cell showed a higher capacity and greater capacity retention (LiV3O8: 160.80 mA h g−1, 62.31%; coated LiV3O8: 206.55 mA h g−1, 82.02%) in the range of 1.8–4.0 V at a 0.2 C-rate, even after 200 cycles. The rate capability at various current densities was also high. Further, it had a low charge transfer resistance, which remained low even after many cycles. Thus, the combined effect of hollow-shell-structure and polypyrrole-VPP coating, led LiV3O8 to its improved electrochemical performance.
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