Abstract
An improved Fourier series model (FSM01) method is used in geophysical and environmental corrections to enhance the final product of the along-track Jason-2 sea level anomaly (SLA) data and extend it near the Red Sea borders. In this study, the ionospheric correction range, wet tropospheric correction range, sea state bias correction range, and dry tropospheric correction range are enhanced and improved using FSM01, which helped to retrieve three more tracks (106, 170, and 234) earlier neglected by the distribution centers and extend the tracks toward the coast. The FSM01 SLA is compared with Jason-2 SLA and Archiving Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic (AVISO) SLA for the available five tracks, in which the FSM01 SLA shows a good agreement and higher correlation with the Jason-2 SLA compared with that of AVISO, in addition to filling the gaps in the times series of all tracks. The newly retrieved tracks are also compared with those retrieved by AVISO, and both data points show similar variability, with FSM01 SLA showing no gaps in the time series. The FSM01 SLA was also extended toward the coast and showed high correlation with the coastal tide measurements.
Highlights
The sea surface topography has been measured using satellite altimetry from space for more than three decades
This is due to the complex conditions faced by coastal areas, including their closeness to the land, the effect of the coastal bottom topography, and water dynamics, which cause a difficulty in extracting usable information directly from the waveform, as well as additional difficulties and challenges for measuring sea surface height using satellite altimetry near the coasts, such as radar echo, which is affected by land surroundings, and the inland water surface reflection
The obtained data in delayed time with the geophysical data records were provided by space agencies (GDR products), which, divided into three families, are the Operation Geophysical Data Record (OGDR), Interim Geophysical Data Record (IGDR), and Geophysical Data Record (GDR)
Summary
The sea surface topography has been measured using satellite altimetry from space for more than three decades. Open ocean radar and data processing tools have been improved, while sea level observation has faced some difficulties in coastal areas, leading to deterioration in data accuracy near the coast at a distance of about 30 to 50 km [3,4,5] This is due to the complex conditions faced by coastal areas, including their closeness to the land, the effect of the coastal bottom topography, and water dynamics, which cause a difficulty in extracting usable information directly from the waveform, as well as additional difficulties and challenges for measuring sea surface height using satellite altimetry near the coasts, such as radar echo, which is affected by land surroundings, and the inland water surface reflection. The sections of this paper are as follows: material and methods are presented in the second section, the third section represents the results and discussions, and the final section gives the conclusion
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