Abstract
Early classification of brain tumors from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis of such diseases. There are many diagnostic imaging methods used to identify tumors in the brain. MRI is commonly used for such tasks because of its unmatched image quality. The relevance of artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of deep learning (DL) has revolutionized new methods of automated medical image diagnosis. This study aimed to develop a robust and efficient method based on transfer learning technique for classifying brain tumors using MRI. In this article, the popular deep learning architectures are utilized to develop brain tumor diagnostic system. The pre-trained models such as Xception, NasNet Large, DenseNet121 and InceptionResNetV2 are used to extract the deep features from brain MRI. The experiment was performed using two benchmark datasets that are openly accessible from the web. Images from the dataset were first cropped, preprocessed, and augmented for accurate and fast training. Deep transfer learning models are trained and tested on a brain MRI dataset using three different optimization algorithms (ADAM, SGD, and RMSprop). The performance of the transfer learning models is evaluated using performance metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, precision, specificity and F1-score. From the experimental results, our proposed CNN model based on the Xception architecture using ADAM optimizer is better than the other three proposed models. The Xception model achieved accuracy, sensitivity, precision specificity, and F1-score values of 99.67%, 99.68%, 99.68%, 99.66%, and 99.68% on the MRI-large dataset, and 91.94%, 96.55%, 87.50%, 87.88%, and 91.80% on the MRI-small dataset, respectively. The proposed method is superior to the existing literature, indicating that it can be used to quickly and accurately classify brain tumors.
Highlights
The brain is one of the most complex organs in the human body, controlling the entire nervous system and working with billions of cells [1]
A total of four models were developed, and the performance of each model was evaluated based on the measures discussed in Section 4.3. we present and discuss the results of brain tumor detection on the considered magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset using our Transfer Learning (TL) models with three different optimizers, i.e. Adam, SGDM and RMSprop
The proposed study implements four different transfer learning models with different optimizers (ADAM, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), RMSprop), and extensive experiments were performed on the two datasets with the largest number of MR images currently available
Summary
The brain is one of the most complex organs in the human body, controlling the entire nervous system and working with billions of cells [1]. The brain is the most sensitive organ of our body. It controls core functions and is responsible for many regulatory functions of the human body such as memory, emotion, vision, and reaction. If certain tumors start to grow in the brain, these functions will be severely affected. This tumor is a primary brain tumor that resides in brain tissue, whereas the secondary tumor spreads through the bloodstream from other parts of the person's body into the brain tissue [43].
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